河洛地区仰韶文化彩陶艺术初探

发布时间：2018-10-26 16:02

【摘要】：河洛地区位于中国中部偏东、黄河中下游,东部为开阔的黄淮海冲积平原,西依伏牛山,南临大别山和桐柏山,北依太行山脉。它地处亚热带向北温带的过渡地带,气候温暖湿润,雨量适中。境内有大面积的黄土坡地、河流三角洲和河流冲击的台地,土壤肥沃,非常适合人类的生存和发展。自1921年瑞典学者安特生在三门峡渑池县仰韶村首次发现仰韶文化彩陶起,至距今已有九十年了。在这九十年间,河洛地区出土了丰富的仰韶文化彩陶,其典雅的器型、瑰丽的纹饰图案、亮丽的色泽和取得的艺术成就,令人惊叹不已。本文利用最新发掘材料,运用考古类型学、文化因素分析法、艺术形态学和艺术社会学的理论方法对河洛地区仰韶文化彩陶艺术进行研究。在梳理考古材料的基础上,依据学术界仰韶文化已有的科学分期,分析总结仰韶文化彩陶的纹样母题、图案构成、器物造型和色彩的发展演变规律,探究其彩陶的艺术特征；同时结合关中、长江中游、海岱地区同时期考古学文化出土彩陶的材料,探讨其与周邻彩陶艺术的关系；进而结合当时的社会生产力、生产关系和社会意识形态,探讨彩陶起源与衰落的原因,以求比较客观全面的反映仰韶文化彩陶在这一地区的发展面貌。研究表明河洛地区的彩陶伴随着仰韶文化的兴衰,经历了发展、繁荣最终走向消亡的全部历程。在不同的阶段与外来文化因素的碰撞程度也有所不同,早期受关中地区影响较大,但总体上仍然保持了发展的自主性和独立性；中期异军突起,艺术成就巨大,对周邻地区彩陶艺术的发展影响深远；晚期和周邻地区的彩陶艺术一起走向衰亡。河洛地区仰韶文化彩陶的器物造型、纹饰图案在艺术内容和形式上的开拓,深深地影响了后世艺术门类的创作,为史前艺术留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。河洛地区位于华夏文明产生和发展的腹地,对该地区仰韶文化彩陶艺术的研究,不仅有助于深入了解仰韶文化时期这一地区原始艺术的传统特征,探索当时人们的思维方式和审美情趣,而且对探讨彩陶艺术在远古至先秦美术史中的地位和对后世绘画造型艺术的影响等问题,都具有十分重要的学术价值。
[Abstract]:Heluo area is located in east-central China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the east of the Huang-Huai Sea alluvial plain, Xiyi Funiu Mountain, south of the Dabie Mountains and Tongbai Mountains, north of the Taihang Mountains. It is located in the subtropical north temperate transition zone, warm and humid climate, moderate rainfall. There are a large area of loess slope, river delta and river impact platform, the soil is fertile, very suitable for human survival and development. It has been 90 years since the Swedish scholar Antsen first discovered the Yangshao culture pottery in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Sanmenxia in 1921. In these 90 years, the rich Yangshao culture pottery unearthed in this area, its elegant instrumental form, magnificent pattern of decoration, bright color and lustre, and the artistic achievement, is amazing. In this paper, the latest excavated materials, archaeological typology, cultural factor analysis, art morphology and art sociology are used to study the colored pottery art of Yangshao culture in Heluo area. On the basis of combing the archaeological materials, according to the existing scientific stages of Yangshao culture in academic circles, this paper analyzes and summarizes the pattern motif, the composition of patterns, the shape of objects and the development and evolution of color, and probes into the artistic characteristics of the painted pottery. At the same time, combining with the materials unearthed from the archaeological culture of Guanzhong, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Haidai, the relationship between the color pottery and the painting art in the vicinity of Zhou was discussed. Then combining with the social productive forces, production relations and social ideology at that time, the origin and decline of colored pottery were discussed in order to reflect the development of Yangshao culture in this area objectively and comprehensively. The study shows that with the rise and fall of Yangshao culture, the colored pottery in Heluo area has gone through the whole process of development and prosperity. The degree of collision with foreign cultural factors is also different in different stages. In the early period, Guanzhong area had a great influence, but it still maintained the independence and independence of development in general. In the middle period, the artistic achievement is great, which has a profound influence on the development of the painted pottery art in Zhou-neighbor area; the late period and the color pottery art in the adjacent area of Zhou Dynasty are decaying together. The artistic contents and forms of the painted pottery and patterns of Yangshao culture in Heluo area have deeply influenced the creation of the later art categories and left a heavy painting for prehistoric art. The Heluo region is located in the hinterland of Chinese civilization. The study of the colored pottery art of Yangshao culture is not only helpful to understand the traditional characteristics of the primitive art in Yangshao culture period. It is of great academic value to explore the way of thinking and aesthetic taste of people at that time, and to probe into the position of painted pottery art in the history of art from ancient times to the pre-Qin Dynasty and its influence on the art of painting and shaping in later generations.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K876.3

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