试论先秦时期黄河流域的石构墓葬

发布时间：2018-11-05 15:46

【摘要】：先秦时期黄河流域的石构墓葬主要分布于青海东部、甘肃中西部、陕西北部、中部和南部、山西中北部、河南中西部及北部和西南部、河北北部、西部和南部、山东中南部、东部及江苏北部等地区,其延续时间从新石器时代中期至青铜时代晚期(战国晚期)。石构墓葬作为一种非主流的文化遗存存在于黄河上游地区、中游地区和下游地区,它对于我们了解黄河流域石构墓葬的文化属性、所属族群、渊源关系及与周边相邻地区石构墓葬之间的文化关系具有重要意义。本文通过系统梳理先秦时期黄河流域石构墓葬的资料,详细论述了不同地区不同阶段石构墓葬的文化特征,并通过黄河流域石构墓葬之间及其与相关遗存的比较分析,探讨了黄河流域石构墓葬的文化属性及其与周边相邻地区石构墓葬之间的关系,并提出了如下认识： 1.黄河流域各个地区不同阶段的石构墓葬差异性大于其共性。从年代关系来看,从新石器时代至东周时期,黄河流域不同阶段的石构墓葬之间存在明显的时间缺环,发展和演变的连续性不强。从石构墓葬数量来看,黄河流域石构墓葬的遗址数量和墓葬数量都很少,而且遗址点数量和石构墓葬数量之间并不完全成正比例关系。从墓葬特征来看,黄河流域不同地区相同阶段或不同阶段的石构墓葬特征差异性大于其共性。 2.黄河流域石构墓葬不完全具有族属的标识作用,它可能作为某些具有特殊身份或地位的人群或个人的标识。黄河流域石构墓葬与同遗址或墓地的其它类型墓葬在文化属性上表现出一致性,但在墓葬结构、墓向、葬式、随葬品数量等方面则表现出一定的差异,这种差异突出了石构墓葬作为一种特殊墓葬形式存在的必然性,它可能反映了墓主人生前的某种特殊身份和地位。 3.黄河流域不同地区石构墓葬产生的原因不完全相同,其来源和去向也各有不同。黄河上游和中游地区的石构墓葬可能是受到人们某种观念或意识变化的影响,在特定的自然地理环境条件下产生。黄河上游地区石构墓葬与黄河中游地区石构墓葬之间是否存在某种联系不得而知,而其去向可能影响到西南地区的石构墓葬。黄河下游地区石构墓葬产生的原因,在于本区域的族群在埋葬方式方面可能受到了东北地区使用石构墓葬的族群在石构墓葬构筑技术和方法上的影响,但也不排除其独立产生的可能。
[Abstract]:The stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin in the Pre-Qin period are mainly distributed in eastern Qinghai, west-central Gansu, northern Shaanxi, central and southern Shaanxi, north-central Shanxi, west-central Henan and northern and southwest Henan, northern, western and southern Hebei, central and southern Shandong, and central and southern Shandong. In the east and north of Jiangsu, it lasted from the middle Neolithic age to the late Bronze Age (late warring States). As a non-mainstream cultural relic, stone tombs exist in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, in the middle reaches and in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is an ethnic group for us to understand the cultural attributes of stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin. The relationship of origin and culture between stone tombs and adjacent areas is of great significance. By systematically combing the data of stone tombs in the Yellow River basin in the pre-Qin period, this paper discusses in detail the cultural characteristics of stone tombs in different regions and stages, and through the comparison and analysis between stone tombs and related remains in the Yellow River basin. This paper discusses the cultural attributes of stone tombs in the Yellow River Basin and the relationship between them and the surrounding stone tombs, and puts forward the following views: 1. The difference of stone tombs in different stages of the Yellow River Basin is greater than its commonness. From the age relationship, from the Neolithic Age to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there is an obvious time gap between the stone gravesites in different stages of the Yellow River Basin, and the continuity of development and evolution is not strong. From the point of view of the number of stone tombs there are few sites and tombs in the Yellow River basin and the relationship between the number of site sites and the number of stone tombs is not completely proportional. From the point of view of the burial characteristics, the difference of the characteristics of stone tombs in different areas of the Yellow River Basin is greater than that in the same stages or different stages of the Yellow River Basin. 2. The stone tombs in the Yellow River basin do not have the function of identifying the clan completely, it may be used as the identification of some people or individuals with special identity or status. The stone tombs in the Yellow River basin are consistent with other types of tombs of the same site or graveyard, but there are some differences in the structure, direction, type and quantity of burial objects, etc. This difference highlights the inevitability of the existence of stone tombs as a special form of tombs, which may reflect the special status and status of the owners of the tombs. 3. The causes of stone tombs in different areas of the Yellow River Basin are not identical, and their origin and destination are different. The stone tombs in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River may be influenced by the change of people's idea or consciousness, and they may be produced under the specific natural geographical environment. It is not known whether there is some connection between the stone tombs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the stone tombs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and the direction of these tombs may affect the stone tombs in southwest China. The reason for the formation of stone tombs in the lower reaches of the Yellow River lies in the fact that the ethnic groups in this region may be affected by the techniques and methods of constructing stone tombs in Northeast China. But also does not rule out its independent production possibility.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878.8

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