武威文庙及其保护开发研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 10:32

【摘要】：孔庙亦称为文庙，而文庙之名更为普遍。它是为纪念中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家孔子而设立的祭祀性庙堂。至明清时期全国各府、州、县皆立孔庙，孔庙已成为每个城市最为常见的建筑之一，也成为当地的文化标志。孔庙两千五百多年的发展和兴衰，已经使之成为中华民族传统文化的象征之一，是中国优秀文化遗产的代表，孔庙的保护和传承，就是对中华民族传统文化精神的延续和继承，就是对这一珍贵文化遗产的保护和利用。经历清末的社会动荡、民国时的战乱频繁和新中国建设中的破坏，目前全国保存完好的孔庙已经为数不多。在全国保留下来的孔庙当中，武威文庙以其宏大的规模、完整的保存程度及对当地教育深远的影响在西北地区首屈一指，是全国三大孔庙之一。它始建于明代，经后代多次维修重建至此规模，一方面它是武威文教事业发达的象征，另一方面也是中国孔庙群中值得关注的”亮点”，它作为文化遗产的价值不可轻视。多年来，对武威文庙的保护和开发虽进展缓慢，但前景乐观，深入地考证、研究它的历史和建筑，有助于我们更全面地认识这一珍贵文化遗产，探讨它的保护和开发，有利于新时期民族文化的传承和弘扬。本文共分为五部分。第一部分是绪论。这部分主要阐述课题的研究意义，总结已有的学术研究成果，在前人研究基础上确立了本论文研究的理论方法。第二部分探讨了孔庙在中国的发展历史及其作用。本部分详细梳理了孔庙在中国的历史沿革及新中国成立后文庙在当代社会的持续发展，并从祭祀和教育两方面论述了孔庙的作用和价值。第三部分对甘肃省境内的文庙和文庙遗存作了系统的梳理，重点介绍了甘肃文庙中的典型代表武威文庙，梳理了它历代的维修情况，研究了武威古代教育事业的发展。第四部分详细介绍了武威文庙的建筑形制，按孔庙、文昌宫、儒学院三部分的建筑格局分别介绍了其各个单体建筑。第五部分在文化遗产保护的视野下研究武威文庙保护与利用对策。基于对文庙保护和利用中存在问题的分析，提出相应的对策思路，以期对文庙进行全面地、综合性地保护，同时对文庙采取科学合理地开发利用，使文庙得以持续发展。最后一章是全文的结语部分，是在前四章的基础上对全文总结性论述，并提出了需要进一步研究的问题。本文所述虽是笔者的一己之见，但对如何更好地保护和利用武威文庙提供了现实依据，，故祈望能在武威文庙保护管理工作中有些许借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Confucius Temple is also called the Temple of Culture, and the name of the Temple is more common. It is a sacrificial temple set up in memory of Confucius, the great thinker and educator of ancient China. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Confucius temples were set up in all provinces, states and counties of the country. Confucius temples have become one of the most common buildings in every city, and also become local cultural symbols. The development, rise and fall of the Confucius Temple for more than 2500 years has made it one of the symbols of the Chinese traditional culture and the representative of China's excellent cultural heritage. The protection and inheritance of the Confucius Temple is the continuation and inheritance of the traditional cultural spirit of the Chinese nation. It is the protection and utilization of this precious cultural heritage. After the social unrest in the late Qing Dynasty, the frequent wars in the Republic of China and the destruction in the construction of New China, there are few well-preserved Confucius temples in the country. Among the Confucius temples preserved in the whole country, Wuwei Temple is one of the three major Confucius temples in China with its grand scale, complete preservation degree and profound influence on local education. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and has been repaired and rebuilt for many times. On the one hand, it is a symbol of the development of cultural and educational undertakings in Wuwei, on the other hand, it is also a "bright spot" in the Confucius Temple group in China. As the value of cultural heritage, it can not be ignored. Over the years, although the protection and development of the Temple of Wuwei have been progressing slowly, the prospects are optimistic. Further textual research and study of its history and architecture will help us to understand this precious cultural heritage in a more comprehensive way and to explore its conservation and development. It is conducive to the inheritance and promotion of national culture in the new period. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction. This part mainly expounds the research significance of the subject, summarizes the existing academic research results, and establishes the theoretical method of this paper on the basis of previous research. The second part discusses the history and function of Confucius Temple in China. This part combs in detail the historical evolution of Confucius Temple in China and the sustainable development of Confucian Temple in contemporary society after the founding of New China, and discusses the role and value of Confucius Temple from two aspects of sacrifice and education. In the third part, the author systematically combs the cultural temples and the remains of the temples in Gansu Province, focusing on the introduction of Wuwei Temple, a typical representative of the Wenmiao in Gansu Province, combing the maintenance situation of its past dynasties, and studying the development of Wuwei ancient education. The fourth part introduces the architectural structure of Wuwei Temple in detail. According to the architectural pattern of Confucius Temple, Wenchang Palace and Confucianism School, it introduces its individual architecture respectively. The fifth part studies the protection and utilization of Wuwei Temple in the field of cultural heritage protection. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the protection and utilization of the temple, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, in order to protect the temple comprehensively and synthetically, at the same time, to develop and utilize the temple scientifically and reasonably, so as to make the temple develop continuously. The last chapter is the conclusion of the full text, on the basis of the first four chapters of the conclusion of the full text, and put forward the need for further study. Although this article is my own opinion, it provides a realistic basis for the better protection and utilization of Wuwei temple, so I hope that it can be used for reference in the protection and management of Wuwei temple.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K878.6;TU-87

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