史前陶器刻划符号的文献学研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 08:00

【摘要】： 我国是世界文明古国,文字是人类文明的象征,发现于新石器时代的陶器刻划符号是文字的雏形,它的发现将我国的文明史推向史前时期,使人类社会告别野蛮,步入文明。陶器刻划符号与文字有着密切关系,是由原始记事方法向文字的过渡形态,是文字的前身,与文字有着渊源关系并一脉相承。甲骨文曾被认为是中国最古老的文字,显然甲骨文已经是一种成熟的文字了,具有相当完善的文字体系,因此,在甲骨文之前的文字形成期必定经历了漫长时期。而本文讨论的史前陶器刻划符号便是这段文字形成时期的重要发现,是早于甲骨文的文字雏形,处在文字的萌芽和形成阶段,具有重要的研究价值,关系到文字起源与发展、人类文明起源等重要问题,是重要的文献资料。论文主体部分通过对陶器刻划符号和文字关系的讨论,得出陶器刻划符号的性质是原始记事方法向文字的过渡,还不属于真正的文字,但作为文字的雏形和萌芽,在遥远的原始社会已经充当文字使用,用来记录和传递信息,这些陶器刻划符号除了记事,往往用于祭时、祭侯等重要活动和仪式,以祈求农业丰收。刻划符号的使用使人类语言进入书写体系,也使人类有声语言向书面语言过渡,是人类跨入文明时代的重要标志。本文正是从陶器刻划符号的“文字”属性作为切入点,探讨作为文字前身的陶器刻划符号所具有的记录、传递信息和表达思想的文献属性及其文献价值。陶器刻划符号大部分出土于墓葬中,属于出土文献,它以陶器为载体,使文献资料保持了原有面貌,对后人了解史前时期人类的生产活动、思维意识、文明起源等问题提供宝贵的文献资料,是对传世文献的补充,具有重要的文献学价值。同时,由于刻划符号多是对周围实物的摩画,与绘画同源,在刻划时运用绘画的具象、抽象手法,使刻划符号表现出一定的形式美,体现出原始人类的高度审美和智慧。因此,陶器刻划符号孕育着艺术的萌芽和发展,属于艺术文献研究的范畴,具有艺术文献研究价值。本文从文献学的角度探讨陶器刻划符号的文献形态、属性、价值等内容,落脚点在陶器刻划符号的文献价值。陶器刻划符号的研究涉及到我国古代文明、文字起源等问题,因此对它进行研究具有重要意义。考古发现的新石器时代陶器刻划符号以大汶口文化的陶器刻划符号最为典型,因此,本文多处以大汶口文化陶尊符号尤其是莒县陵阳河与大朱村、诸城前寨的陶器刻划符号为例进行论证。
[Abstract]:Our country is the ancient civilization country of the world, the character is the symbol of human civilization, the pottery inscription symbol found in the Neolithic Age is the embryonic form of the character, its discovery pushes the civilization history of our country to the prehistoric period, causes the human society to bid farewell to barbarism and enters the civilization. Pottery engraved symbols have a close relationship with characters, which is the transition form from the original method of chronicle to the text. It is the predecessor of the characters and has a relationship of origin with the characters. Oracle bone inscription was once regarded as the oldest character in China. It is obvious that oracle bone inscription is a mature character and has a perfect writing system. Therefore, the writing formation period before oracle bone inscription must have experienced a long period. The symbol of prehistoric pottery inscription discussed in this paper is an important discovery in the period of writing formation, which is earlier than the embryonic form of oracle bone inscriptions, and is in the embryonic and formative stage of writing, which has important research value and is related to the origin and development of characters. The origin of human civilization and other important issues, is an important document. In the main part of the paper, through the discussion of the relationship between pottery engraving symbols and characters, it is concluded that the nature of pottery engraving symbols is the transition from the original recording method to the text, and it does not belong to the real characters, but as the embryonic form and germination of the characters. In distant primitive societies, they have been used as words to record and convey information. In addition to memorizing, these pottery inscriptions are often used for important activities and rituals such as sacrifice, and so on, in order to pray for a bumper harvest. The use of characterizing symbols makes human language enter the writing system, and also makes the human voice language transition to written language, which is an important symbol of human entering the civilization era. This paper discusses the record, the document attribute of transmitting information and expressing ideas and the value of the literature from the "character" attribute of the pottery mark as the character of the pottery mark as the forerunner of the character. Most of the earthenware symbols unearthed in tombs belong to the unearthed literature, which takes pottery as the carrier, keeping the original appearance of the literature, and understanding the production activities and thinking consciousness of human beings in the prehistoric period. The origin of civilization and other issues provide valuable literature, which is a supplement to the literature, and has an important value in philology. At the same time, because most of the engraving symbols are the mockery of the surrounding objects, they are of the same origin with the paintings. The use of the figurative and abstract techniques of painting in the engraving makes the engraving symbols show a certain formal beauty, reflecting the high aesthetic and wisdom of the primitive human beings. Therefore, pottery engraving symbol is the germination and development of art, which belongs to the category of art literature research and has the value of art literature research. From the perspective of philology, this paper discusses the literature form, attribute, value and so on of the pottery engraving symbols, and finally focuses on the literature value of the pottery engraving symbols. The study of pottery inscription is related to the ancient civilization and the origin of Chinese characters, so it is of great significance to study it. In the Neolithic Age of archaeological discovery, the pottery symbols of the Dawenkou culture are the most typical. Therefore, this article is mainly imposed on the pottery symbols of the Dawenkou culture, especially the Lingyang River and the Dazhun village in Ju County. Zhucheng Qianzhai pottery carved symbols as an example to demonstrate.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K877

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