石质文物防风化有机材料的筛选复合和纳米掺杂

发布时间：2019-01-23 10:26

【摘要】：在5000年的历史中,石质文物是我国祖先留下来重要的文化遗产,尤其是以云冈石窟为标志的石窟寺,更是石质文物中的精华部分,历经千年,由于自然环境和人为损害,这些石质文物已经受到不同程度的风化破坏,随着时间推移,其风化程度越来越严重。对其石质文物的保护迫在眉睫,否则许多珍贵的石质文物将会消失,对石质文物的保护,需要找到相应的保护材料和相关的保护效果评估,由于石质文物保护的较复杂和困难,对保护材料有多方面的要求,单一材料已经不能满足石质文物的保护要求,复合材料综合单一材料的优点,在石质文物保护上具有较好的性能,在石质文物保护上具有很好的发展前途,特别是有机无机复合材料。本论文主要是通过试验从有机物中挑出效果较好有机物进行复配,找出几种保护效果较好的复配组合,添加纳米颗粒,制备出了一种在石质文物保护上防风化效果较好的纳米复合材料,并且对其涂覆的石质试样进行了相关测试和效果评估。本论文先对山西云冈石窟的病害做了初步的统计分析,结果表明,表面风化是云冈石窟的主要病害之一,同时也是主要保护和治理的病害之一,需要寻找表面防护材料对其进行保护。通过对有机物的酸碱度、接触测试、崩解试验、吸水率、毛细吸收率、透气性、抗紫外性、冻融循环试验、显微结构、颜色变化、润湿角、耐酸性、耐碱性和耐盐性等性能测试,从正硅酸乙酯、环氧树脂类和有机硅类及聚合物和有机氟类等十几种有机物中,挑选出结果较好的四甲氧基硅烷、正硅酸乙酯、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷和甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯及BYB1002这六种有机物作为复配的基础。同时在试验中观测到润湿角的大小有与表面的粗糙度和表面能集表面的均匀性有关。接着用搅拌仪和高能行星球磨机对其进行复配和纳米颗粒的组合,其中有机硅自身的组合及与有机氟组合的复合物比任意自由复合的有机物在吸水率,毛细吸水率、疏水性和耐老化性及抗紫外和冻融上效果好。纳米颗粒的加入对有机物的很多效果都有改善,其中以二氧化硅纳米颗粒对疏水性的改善最大,同是纳米二氧化硅会使石质表面变白,石质石粉的加入对颜色改善有很大的帮助,将纳米二氧化硅和石质石粉同时加入,其效果更好。其吸水率小,润湿角也大,样品颜色前后变化不大。石质文物防风化材料效果的好坏并没有统一的标准和规范,各种石质文物防风化材料只是进行测试结果的对比,来判断其效果的好坏,通过测试其纳米复合材料是最好的,尤其在疏水性、吸水性和耐老化性方面,复合复配有机物好,复配物比单纯有机物好,单纯有机物比空白试样好,虽然纳米复合材料具有比较好的效果,在一些方面还没有达到预想的结果,在抗紫外线和耐老化性及浸泡水中长时间后,其疏水性大大下降。
[Abstract]:In 5000 years of history, stone relics have been an important cultural heritage left behind by our ancestors, especially the grotto temple marked by the Yungang Grottoes, and the essence of the stone relics. After thousands of years, due to natural environment and man-made damage, These stone relics have been destroyed by weathering to varying degrees, and the weathering degree becomes more and more serious over time. The protection of its stone cultural relics is imminent, otherwise many precious stone cultural relics will disappear. In order to protect the stone cultural relics, it is necessary to find the corresponding protective materials and evaluate the related protective effects, because of the relatively complex and difficult protection of the stone cultural relics. There are many requirements for protecting materials, the single material can no longer meet the protection requirements of stone relics, composite materials have the advantages of a single material, and they have better performance in the protection of stone cultural relics. It has a good prospect in the protection of stone relics, especially organic and inorganic composites. In this paper, we select out better organic compounds from organic compounds and find out several combinations which have better protection effect and add nano-particles. A kind of nanocomposites with good weathering resistance on the protection of stone relics was prepared, and the related test and effect evaluation of the coated stone samples were carried out. In this paper, the disease of Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi Province is analyzed. The results show that surface weathering is one of the main diseases of Yungang Grottoes, and it is also one of the main diseases of protection and management. Surface protection materials need to be found to protect them. Through pH, contact test, disintegration test, water absorption, capillary absorption, permeability, UV resistance, freeze-thaw cycle test, microstructure, color change, wetting angle, acid resistance, In the tests of alkali resistance and salt resistance, tetramethoxysilane, ethyl orthosilicate, tetramethoxy silane, ethyl orthosilicate were selected from more than ten kinds of organic compounds, such as ethyl orthosilicate, epoxy resin, organosilicon, polymer and organic fluorine. Methyl trimethoxysilane, methyl triethoxy silane, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate and BYB1002 were used as the base of the compound. At the same time, it is observed that the wetting angle is related to the roughness of the surface and the uniformity of the surface energy set. Then the agitator and the high energy planetary ball mill were used to combine it with the nanoparticles, in which the combination of organosilicon and organic fluorine was used to combine organics with organic fluorine in water absorption rate and capillary water absorption rate. Hydrophobicity, aging resistance, UV resistance and freeze-thaw effect are good. The addition of nano-particles has improved many of the effects on organic matter, among which the hydrophobicity of silica nanoparticles is the greatest, and nano-silica can whiten the surface of stone. The addition of stone powder has great help to improve the color. It is better to add nano-silica and stone powder at the same time. Its water absorption rate is small, the wetting angle is also large, the sample color changes little before and after. There is no uniform standard and standard for the effect of weathering materials of stone cultural relics. All kinds of weathering materials of stone cultural relics are only compared with the test results to judge the quality of their effects. It is the best to test their nanocomposites. Especially in the aspects of hydrophobicity, water absorption and aging resistance, the compound organic compound is better than the pure organic compound, and the pure organic matter is better than the blank sample, although the nanocomposites have better effect. In some aspects, the hydrophobicity of the water decreased greatly after UV resistance, aging resistance and soaking in water for a long time.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K854

【参考文献】