从于阗到益州:唐宋时期毗沙门天王图像的流变

发布时间：2019-02-16 08:43

【摘要】：毗沙门天王作为北方守护神进入到中土之后,在于阗完成了其宗教崇拜体系,开始独立于印度的四天王之外成为偶像崇拜对象,这不仅体现在文献记载上对其来源的神圣化,更体现在单体的毗沙门天王图像的出现。于阒形成的毗沙门天王可称为"西域风格"的代表作,体现在其形态上独具风格的甲衣装饰和足下所踏之神怪。敦煌壁画中的毗沙门天王一方面继承了于阗西域风格,另一方面又开启了新的式样,更加"中土化"。唐代益州与敦煌有着密切的联系,也出现了大量单体的毗沙门天王像,从中可以观察到西域风格和敦煌式样两方面的影响与融合。本文以收藏于四川大学博物馆内的一尊出土于唐代龙兴寺的毗沙门天王单体石刻像为切入点,对比于阗和敦煌发现的相关资料,对毗沙门天王像从于阗传播到敦煌和益州的风格演变进程及其社会历史背景加以分析,认为这一题材在中国西部地区的流行与唐代中外文化交流、民族关系变化等因素均有联系。
[Abstract]:After entering the Middle Earth as the patron saint of the north, the King of Vishamen completed his religious worship system in Khotan and began to become an object of idolatry independent of the four heavenly kings of India, which is not only reflected in the sanctification of its source in the literature. More reflected in the monomer of the Vishamen King image appearance. The King of Pishamen formed by the Shamen can be called the masterpiece of "the style of the Western region", which is embodied in its unique style of armour decoration and the genie under its feet. On the one hand, the King of Vishamen in Dunhuang murals inherited the style of Khotan, on the other hand, he opened up a new style and became more "middle-earth". Yizhou and Dunhuang in the Tang Dynasty had close relations, and there were a large number of monolithic statues of the Emperor of Vishamen, from which the influence and fusion of the style of the Western region and the style of Dunhuang could be observed. Based on a single stone statue of the Emperor of Vishamen unearthed in the Longxing Temple of the Tang Dynasty in the Museum of Sichuan University, this paper compares the relevant materials found in Yutian and Dunhuang. This paper analyzes the evolution process of the style and the social and historical background of the King of Pishamen from Khotan to Dunhuang and Yizhou, and thinks that this theme is popular in the western part of China and the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty. Changes in ethnic relations and other factors are related.
【作者单位】：四川大学中国藏学研究所;四川大学2011协同创新中心;
【基金】：2011年度国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“文物考古所见西藏与中原关系资料的整理与研究”(项目号11&20121)系列成果之一
【分类号】：K879.41

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