脂类物质分析技术运用于考古学的方法探索

发布时间：2019-02-25 17:52

【摘要】： 复原古代生态面貌是考古学研究中的一个重要课题,这与古环境直接相关,由此进而探讨很多重要的考古学和人类学问题。一般的环境考古研究主要通过比较植物遗存的形态以鉴定其种属,进而恢复古植被。但若未发现可供形态比较的植物遗存,?就必须运用分子生物学和有机地球化学的研究方法,通过检测分子标志物,深入挖掘有关古代动植物的潜信息。因此,筛选合适的分子标志物并建立相应的有效的分析方法具有重大的学术价值。随着科技考古的蓬勃发展,大分子量的分子标志物(如DNA)的研究体系已基本建立,而对小分子量的分子标志物的研究在国内外都尚在起步阶段,它对未出土可供形态比较的生物遗存的考古研究尤为重要。鉴于此,本文先对脂类物质分析的实验影响因素做了初步探讨,并对新石器早期的浙江小黄山遗址出土的陶片里的残留物做了脂肪酸分析。再以GC-MS的检测结果为依据,对有机地球化学中的几种常用的脂类物质分析实验方法,从提取方法、溶剂的选择和洗脱三步做了一系列比较和细节上的改进,初步得出适用于考古学研究中痕量分析的脂类物质的分析方法,并将其应用于小黄山和安徽禹会遗址剖面的各地层土壤沉积物中的正构烷烃分析中,其结果揭示了一定程度的古环境意义。通过本文的分析和初步试验结果表明,对于未发现可供形态比较的植物遗存的考古遗址,烷烃分析技术是环境考古研究的有效办法之一,因之具有广阔的发展和应用前景。同时也就考古学研究的现实提出了一些问题,说明该研究思路和实验方法要与其他的研究手段所得结果相互印证才能较好地反映古环境。
[Abstract]:The restoration of ancient ecological features is an important subject in archaeology, which is directly related to the paleoenvironment, and then many important archaeological and anthropological problems are discussed. General environmental archaeology studies mainly by comparing the morphology of plant remains in order to identify the species and genera, and then restore the palaeovegetation. But if no plant remains to be found for morphological comparison,? Molecular biology and organic geochemistry must be used to detect molecular markers and explore the potential information about ancient animals and plants. Therefore, it is of great academic value to screen appropriate molecular markers and establish corresponding effective analytical methods. With the rapid development of science and technology archaeology, the research system of large molecular weight molecular markers (such as DNA) has been basically established, while the research of small molecular weight molecular markers is still in its infancy at home and abroad. It is of great importance to the archaeological study of ununearthed bioheritages which can be compared with each other in form. In view of this, the experimental influencing factors of lipid analysis were discussed, and the residue of pottery unearthed at the early Neolithic site in Xiaohuangshan, Zhejiang province was analyzed by fatty acid analysis. Based on the results of GC-MS detection, a series of comparison and detailed improvements were made to several commonly used experimental methods for the analysis of lipid substances in organic geochemistry from three steps: extraction method, solvent selection and elution. A preliminary analytical method for trace lipid substances used in archaeological research has been developed and applied to the analysis of n-alkanes in soil sediments from the sections of Xiaohuangshan and Yuhui sites in Anhui Province. The results reveal the significance of paleoenvironment to a certain extent. The analysis and preliminary test results show that alkane analysis technology is one of the effective methods of environmental archaeology research for archaeological sites which can not be found for morphological comparison of plant remains, so it has broad development and application prospects. At the same time, it puts forward some questions about the reality of archaeology research, which shows that the research idea and experimental method can reflect the paleoenvironment better only by mutual corroborating the results obtained by other research methods.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K872

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