中国西北科学考查团考古学史研究

发布时间：2019-03-07 10:13

【摘要】：中国学术团体协会西北科学考查团(简称“西北科学考查团”)是在1927年由中国学术团体协会与瑞典探险家斯文·赫定合作组建的学术考察团体。它是近现代第一个由中国人主持的西北科学考察团体,成员包括了中国、瑞典、德国、丹麦等国的学者,考察时间长达8年,考察地域包括了中国北方、西北、中部的十二个省份,考察内容涵盖了地理学、大地测量学、地质学、古植物学、古无脊椎动物学、古脊椎动物学、考古学、民族学、气象学、动物学、植物学等十多个学科领域。本文以西北科学考查团的考古作为主要研究内容,从学术史的角度出发,对西北科学考查团的考古调查和研究成果进行专题研究,力图全面、系统、细致地总结考察团在中国西北地区的田野考古和研究成果,探讨其在近现代中国学术史上的价值和意义。以此为目的,本论文分为七个章节进行论述：第一章首先对西北科学考查团组建的背景、过程和影响进行论述,指出了考古方面是中国学术界与斯文·赫定争议的核心,分析中国学者和斯文·赫定在考古学方面的态度和作为。第二章全面论述了西北科学考查团的考古工作。本文首次将非考古专业学者的考古活动纳入了研究范畴,展现了西北科学考查团田野考古的完整面貌,促进了人们对近现代中国西北考古认识更加全面和完整。第三章以调查搜集品的流散和保存为核心,首先梳理整个西北科学考查团的搜集品的运输情况,弄清考古搜集品的内容和运输过程,然后对斯文·赫定借出考古搜集品的规定、流程等问题进行细致的研究,最后细致调查、梳理了考古搜集品的存放地点、损失情况、流散情况和最后的保存地。第四章概述了中国和瑞典的考古研究著述,主要论述西北科学考查团所获文书的刊布与研究状况,并在细节方面进行了考证。第五章论述了瑞典学者的考古研究情况,以期展现瑞典关于西北科学考查团考古研究成果之全貌,并对这部分研究的价值和意义进行评述。第六章对西北科学考查团的两位专门的考古学者贝格曼与黄文弼进行专题研究,系统总结两位学者的研究成果和价值,并从学术背景、考察目的、考察内容、研究方法等方面对二人的考古和研究进行对比,分析东西方视野下的中国西北考古研究之异同,并对他们在现代中国西北考古中的意义和价值进行探讨。第七章通过三个方面的论述,分析西北科学考查团的考古研究与近代中国考古学之兴起和发展之间的关系及对中外学术发展的影响,从而对其在中国考古学发展史中的地位有一准确的定位。
[Abstract]:The Northwest Scientific Expedition of the Chinese academic Association (referred to as "Northwest Scientific Expedition") was established in 1927 by the Chinese academic Association in cooperation with Swedish explorer Sven Hedding. It is the first scientific expedition in northwest China hosted by the Chinese people in modern times. Its members include scholars from China, Sweden, Germany, Denmark and other countries. The expedition lasted for eight years and covered the northern and northwest parts of China. The 12 central provinces covered geography, geodesy, geology, paleobotany, paleo-vertebrate zoology, paleo-vertebra zoology, archaeology, ethnology, meteorology, zoology, There are more than ten disciplines such as botany. Taking the archaeology of the Northwest Scientific Expedition as the main research content and proceeding from the point of view of academic history, this paper makes a special study on the archaeological investigation and research results of the Northwest Scientific Expedition, in an attempt to be comprehensive and systematic. This paper summarizes the field archaeology and research achievements of the mission in northwest China, and probes into its value and significance in the modern Chinese academic history. For this purpose, this paper is divided into seven chapters: the first chapter discusses the background, process and influence of the establishment of the Northwest Scientific Expedition Mission, and points out that archaeology is the core of the dispute between Chinese academic circles and Sven Hedding. This paper analyzes the attitudes and actions of Chinese scholars and Sven Hedin in archaeology. The second chapter discusses the archaeological work of the Northwest Scientific Expedition. In this paper, for the first time, the archaeology activities of non-archaeologists have been brought into the category of research, showing the integrity of the field archaeology of the Northwest Scientific Expedition and promoting people's understanding of northwest archaeology in modern China more comprehensive and complete. The third chapter takes the investigation of the spread and preservation of the collection as the core. First of all, it combs the transportation of the collection of the whole Northwest Scientific Expedition, clarifies the contents and transportation process of the archaeological collection, and then gives the rules on the archaeological collection borrowed by Sven Hedin. The process and other issues are carefully studied. Finally, the storage location, loss, dispersal and final preservation of archaeological collection are carefully investigated. The fourth chapter summarizes the archaeological research works in China and Sweden, mainly discusses the publication and research status of the documents obtained by the Northwest Scientific Expedition, and makes a textual research on the details. The fifth chapter discusses the archaeological research situation of Swedish scholars in order to show the whole picture of the archaeological research achievements of the Northwest Scientific Expedition in Sweden and comment on the value and significance of this part of the research. In the sixth chapter, two special archaeologists Bergman and Huang Wenbi of the Northwest Scientific Expedition are studied. The results and values of the two scholars are summarized systematically, and from the academic background, the purpose of the investigation, and the contents of the study, the author makes a systematic summary of the research results and values of the two scholars. This paper makes a comparison between the archaeology and research of the two people, analyzes the similarities and differences of the archaeology research in Northwest China under the view of East and West, and probes into their significance and value in the archaeology of modern northwest China. The seventh chapter analyzes the relationship between the archaeological research of the Northwest Scientific Expedition and the rise and development of modern Chinese archaeology and its influence on the academic development at home and abroad. Thus it has an accurate position in the history of Chinese archaeology development.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K872

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