常用文物加固材料在不同湿度环境中的适用性研究

发布时间：2019-04-21 12:10

【摘要】：对于考古发掘现场加固材料的探索研究,前人已经做了很多工作。但对处于高湿环境下糟朽脆弱的有机质文物加固保护材料的研究却鲜有报道。用于高湿环境下的文物加固材料一般存在难固化,材料变色,疏水性较差等问题。为了能界定每种材料可使用的阈值湿度,并确定不同材料可使用的最佳湿度值,找出能在高湿环境中使用的加固材料,进而对高湿环境下的文物样品进行加固保护,以研究材料在高湿环境中使用的可行性,本文以考古发掘现场常用的加固保护材料和由课题组合成的新型湿固化聚氨酯材料(简称MCPU)为研究对象,使用紫外—可见分光光度计、润湿角测定仪、万能材料试验机、便携式色差仪等仪器设备,对Primal B72 (简称B72)、Primal AC33 (简称AC33)、PrimalSF-016 (简称SF-016)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(简称PVB)、MCPU五种材料在35%、45%、60%、70%、75%、80%、85%、95%、100%九种湿度下的透光性能、色度、疏水性、硬度、力学性能进行测试。通过对实验结果对比分析,研究内容主要有两大部分。第一部分:常用文物加固材料在不同湿度环境中的适用性研究。本文首次对B72、AC33、SF-016、PVB、MCPU五种材料可使用的阈值湿度进行界定,并确定了不同材料可使用的最佳湿度值。为在不同湿度环境中文物保护材料的选择提供依据。实验结果表明:(1) MCPU材料可在所研究的全湿度范围内使用。在不同的湿度环境中,材料具有较好的透光性,色差变化非常小,不泛白,疏水性较强,有优良的柔韧性和较好的力学强度,能满足文物保护加固材料的要求。(2)B72材料的阈值湿度为80%,最佳使用湿度为60%。材料不能在相对湿度值为80%～100%的环境中使用。(3) AC33的阈值湿度为75%,最佳使用湿度为35%。在湿度为75%～85%时,材料泛白,透光性较差,疏水性能大幅降低,无法使用。特别在95%～100%的湿度下,材料无法固化。(4)SF-016的阈值湿度为60%,最佳使用湿度为45%。材料在95%～100%的湿度时无法固化。在75%～85%的范围内,材料各项性能较差。在小于60%的环境中,材料各项性能优异。(5) PVB的阈值湿度为60%,最佳使用湿度为35%。材料可在35%～60%的湿度范围内使用,其中在35%时性能最佳。在大于60%的湿度环境中,材料会产生泛白现象,也不可以使用。第二部分:MCPU材料的应用研究。为了更深入地研究MCPU材料在相对湿度约为100%的环境下加固保护脆弱有机质文物的可行性,实验用10%的MCPU乙酸乙酯溶液对处于100%湿度环境中棉布模拟样品和出土的竹笥文物样品进行加固保护。实验结果表明,加固后的样品,颜色没有发生变化,样品不泛白,不反光,无炫光,具有较好的机械性能。因而,MCPU材料能够用在高湿环境下的考古发掘现场的文物加固保护工作中,建议推广使用。
[Abstract]:A lot of work has been done by predecessors on the exploration and research of strengthening materials in archaeological excavation site. However, there are few reports on the strengthening and protecting materials of organic cultural relics in high humidity environment. It is difficult to solidify, discoloration and poor hydrophobicity of the materials used for strengthening cultural relics in high humidity environment. In order to be able to define the threshold humidity available for each material, and to determine the best humidity values available for different materials, to identify reinforcement materials that can be used in high-humidity environments, and thus to strengthen and protect cultural relics samples in high-humidity environments, In order to study the feasibility of using the materials in the high humidity environment, this paper takes the reinforcement and protection materials commonly used in archaeological excavations and the new moisture-cured polyurethane materials (MCPU) synthesized by the research group as the research objects. Primal B72 (B72), Primal AC33 (AC33), PrimalSF-016 (SF-016) was tested by UV-vis spectrophotometer, wetting angle tester, universal material testing machine and portable colorimeter, etc. The transmittance, chromaticity, hydrophobicity, hardness and mechanical properties of five PVB), MCPU materials were tested in 35%, 45%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 95%, and 100% respectively. Through the comparative analysis of the experimental results, the main content of the study has two parts. The first part: research on the applicability of commonly used cultural relic reinforcement materials in different humidity environment. In this paper, the threshold humidity of B72, AC33, SF 016, PVB and MCPU are defined for the first time, and the optimum humidity values for different materials are determined. In order to provide the basis for the selection of cultural relics protection materials in different humidity environment. The experimental results show that: (1) MCPU materials can be used in the whole humidity range studied. In different humidity environment, the material has good light transmittance, the color difference is very small, the color difference is not white, the hydrophobicity is strong, the material has excellent flexibility and good mechanical strength. (2) the threshold humidity of B72 material is 80%, and the optimum use humidity is 60%. The material cannot be used in an environment with a relative humidity value of 80% / 100%. (3) the threshold humidity of AC33 is 75% and the optimum humidity is 35%. When the humidity is 75% ~ 85%, the material is white, poor transmittance, low hydrophobic property, and can not be used. Especially at 95% / 100% humidity, the material cannot be solidified. (4) the threshold humidity of SF-016 is 60%, and the best use humidity is 45%. The material cannot be solidified at 95% / 100% humidity. In the range of 75% and 85%, the properties of the materials are poor. In less than 60% environment, the performance of the material is excellent. (5) the threshold humidity of PVB is 60%, and the optimum use humidity is 35%. The material can be used in a humidity range of 35% / 60%, with the best performance at 35%. In more than 60% humidity environment, the material will produce whitening phenomenon, also can not be used. The second part: the application research of MCPU material. In order to further study the feasibility of strengthening and protecting fragile organic cultural relics with MCPU materials in an environment of about 100% relative humidity, In this experiment, 10% MCPU ethyl acetate solution was used to reinforce and protect cotton cloth simulated samples and bamboo relics samples unearthed in 100% humidity environment. The experimental results show that the reinforced samples have no change in color, no white, no reflection, no glare, and have good mechanical properties. Therefore, MCPU materials can be used in the field of archaeological excavations in high humidity environment, and it is suggested that they be widely used in the field of cultural relic reinforcement and protection.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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