中国东部濒海平原新石器遗址时空分布格局—海平面控制下的地貌演化与人地关系

发布时间：2019-05-13 20:02

【摘要】：近年来,全球增温背景下的海平面上升越来越受到人们关注。海平面上升不仅带来了海洋灾害,同时加大沿海地区的生态环境脆弱性。为了正确评估全球温度升高对我国海岸线变化以及对我国自然生态的影响,开展关于全新世海平面变化、地貌演化与人类活动之间的关系研究,对于制定未来气候变化情景下的人类适应性对策具有借鉴意义。中国东部濒海平原,包括苏北平原、长江三角洲平原、杭嘉湖平原和宁绍平原,不仅是对海陆变迁最为敏感的区域,也是我国史前文化遗址分布的密集区之一,为研究过去“人-地关系”提供了重要素材。本论文在研究区开展了大量的科学钻探工作,通过对系列岩芯进行精细化的沉积学分析,建立区域地层层序,结合AMS14C测年建立年代框架,获得全新世海平面变化过程和地貌演化的基本认识。本文统计了史前遗址两千余处,其中确定年代新石器遗址共计655处,利用地理信息技术(GIS)分析方法,对遗址点的时空分布格局进行分析,发现遗址数量的变化和时空分布在很大程度上受控于(反映出)区域地貌的演化(尤其是海洋线的变化),而区域地貌的演化又受控于全新世海平面变化。早全新世时期,遗址只零星分布于浙东山间盆地,远离海洋。在9.0-7.0ka期间,中国东部濒海平原区(包括陆架区)广泛海侵,处于开放的浅海、海湾和河口环境。杭嘉湖的西侧和宁绍盆地的南侧为濒临海洋的低山及岛屿,为新石器人类提供了有限的生存空间,文化类型中含有重要的“海洋成分”。7.0ka前后是海平面变化的重要转折期,长江南北两岸海水褪去,海平面上升速率大幅度降低,大量的沉积物充填河口,淤积形成三角洲平原和河流下游冲积平原。由于成陆作用的显著,海岸线东撤,造就了大片的陆地,为新石器人类的生产和生活提供了广阔的空间,新石器文化得以蓬勃发展。5.0ka前后,由于本区陆地的生长,人类有了更多的生存空间。此时长江南北两岸的以良渚文化、龙山文化为代表的新石器文化进入繁荣阶段。本区遗址的数量大大增加,范围更加广泛,许多古城建立,文化空前繁荣。总体来看,海平面变化控制下的地貌演化与人类活动之间形成了海进人退-海退人进的动态关系。然而中国东部濒海平原区地势平坦,海拔较低,河网密布,又处于黄淮、江淮和钱塘江等大河的下游洪泛区,受到海陆变迁、地貌演化影响甚大,同时容易受到极端气候环境的袭扰,使得本区的新石器文化频繁发生间断。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the rise of sea level under the background of global warming. Sea level rise not only brings marine disasters, but also increases the ecological environment vulnerability of coastal areas. In order to correctly assess the impact of global temperature rise on the coastline change of our country and on the natural ecology of our country, and to carry out a study on the relationship between Holocene sea level change, geomorphological evolution and human activities, It can be used for reference to formulate human adaptive countermeasures under the scenario of climate change in the future. The coastal plains in eastern China, including the northern Jiangsu plain, the Yangtze River Delta plain, the Hangjiahu plain and the Ningshao plain, are not only the most sensitive areas to land and sea changes, but also one of the dense areas of prehistoric cultural sites in China. It provides important material for the study of man-land relationship in the past. In this paper, a lot of scientific drilling work has been carried out in the study area. Through the fine sedimentological analysis of the series of cores, the regional stratigraphy sequence is established, and the chronological framework is established in combination with AMS14C dating. The basic understanding of Holocene sea level change process and geomorphological evolution is obtained. In this paper, more than two thousand prehistoric sites are counted, of which 655 are Neolithic sites. The temporal and spatial distribution pattern of site points is analyzed by using (GIS) analysis method of geographic information technology. It is found that the change of site number and temporal and spatial distribution are controlled to a great extent by the evolution of regional geomorphology (especially the change of ocean line), and the evolution of regional geomorphology is controlled by Holocene sea level change. In the early Holocene, the site was scattered in the intermountain basin of eastern Zhejiang, far from the ocean. During the 9.0-7.0ka period, the coastal plain area (including shelf area) in eastern China was transgression widely, in the open shallow sea, bay and estuary environment. The west side of Hangjia Lake and the south side of Ningshao Basin are low mountains and islands bordering the ocean, which provide limited living space for Neolithic human beings. The cultural types contain important "marine components". Around 7.0ka is an important turning point of sea level change. The sea water on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River has faded, the rate of sea level rise has been greatly reduced, and a large number of sediments have filled the estuary. Siltation forms delta plain and downstream alluvial plain. Because of the remarkable effect of land formation, the coastline retreated eastward, which created a large area of land, provided a broad space for the production and life of Neolithic human beings, and the Neolithic culture flourished. Around 5.0 ka, due to the growth of land in this area, Human beings have more living space. At this time, the Neolithic culture represented by Liangzhu culture and Longshan culture on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River entered the stage of prosperity. The number of sites in this area has greatly increased, the scope is more extensive, many ancient cities have been established, and the culture has never been prosperous. Generally speaking, there is a dynamic relationship between the geomorphological evolution under the control of sea level change and human activities. However, the coastal plain area of eastern China is flat, low altitude, dense river network, and is located in the downstream flood area of Huang-Huai, Jianghuai and Qiantang rivers, which is greatly affected by sea-land changes and geomorphological evolution. At the same time, it is easy to be disturbed by extreme climate and environment, which makes the Neolithic culture in this area break off frequently.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878;P731.23

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