磨沟墓地未成年人埋葬研究

发布时间：2019-05-21 08:56

【摘要】：磨沟墓地位于甘肃省临潭县磨沟村,是一处面积较大,墓葬结构复杂的齐家文化时代晚期的墓群,其竖穴偏室墓的墓葬结构、多人多次合葬现象、丰富的出土遗物等都引起了考古界的广泛关注。磨沟墓地中埋葬的未成年人数量较多,本文以该墓地中的未成年人为研究对象,对未成年人的埋葬情况进行了全面的整理和分析。磨沟墓地的未成年人在墓葬中的埋葬位置复杂,多数未成年人埋葬在偏室中,多与成年男女合葬,推测磨沟墓地齐家文化时期的先民实行的是家庭式合葬,家庭成为社会的基本组成细胞。埋在墓道中的未成年,其性质与偏室中的未成人不同,从数量、葬式、随葬品等各个方面分析都与偏室中的未成年人有较大的差异,本文认为这些被埋葬在墓道中的未成年人是殉人的可能性较大,有些甚至可能是人牲。未成年人与成年人合葬是磨沟墓地未成人埋葬的一大特点,从对成年人性别的统计看,成年女性与未成年人的合葬数量远多于成年男性与未成年人的合葬数量,墓地中的成年女性数量也远多于成年男性,这与史前时期较多墓地中所显示出来的人骨的高性比有着较大的出入。在磨沟墓地中成年人与未成年人合葬墓如此多的情况下,成年男性与未成年人合葬的数量尚不占优势,在齐家文化其它墓地中,成年人与未成年人合葬墓寥寥无几的情况下,以几座特殊的成年男性与未成年的合葬来证明父权制的建立是否科学是值得怀疑的。从母系氏族社会发展到父系氏族社会已成为人们的思维定势,各种研究也囿于这种思维定势,以个例来推断整个社会的发展情况,又以社会的发展情况来证明出现这些个例的合理性。本文从对未成年人的研究出发认为应突破思维定势的限制,跳出对各个墓地共性研究的盲目追求,真实反映和深入研究墓地的个性同样应该得到重视。
[Abstract]:Mogou Cemetery is located in Mogou Village, Lintan County, Gansu Province. it is a group of tombs in the late Qijia cultural era, which has a large area and complex tomb structure. its vertical hole is partial to the tomb structure, and many people are buried together many times. Rich unearthed relics and so on have aroused widespread concern in the field of archaeology. The number of minors buried in Mogou graveyard is large. This paper takes the minors in the graveyard as the research object, and makes a comprehensive arrangement and analysis of the burying situation of minors. The burying position of minors in Mogou Cemetery is complex. Most minors are buried in partial rooms and are mostly buried with adult men and women. It is speculated that the ancestors of Mogou Cemetery during the Qi family culture period carried out family-style joint funeral. The family becomes the basic constituent cell of society. The nature of underage buried in the tomb is different from that of the minor in the partial chamber, and there are great differences between the minor in the partial chamber and the minor in the partial chamber from the aspects of quantity, funeral type, funeral objects and so on. This paper holds that these minors buried in the tomb are more likely to be martyrs, and some may even be human beings. The joint funeral of minors and adults is a major feature of the burying of minors in Mogou graveyard. According to the statistics of adult sex, the number of joint buries between adult women and minors is much greater than that between adult men and minors. The number of adult women in cemeteries is also much higher than that of adult men, which is quite different from the high sex ratio of human bones shown in more cemeteries in prehistoric times. In the Mogou graveyard, where there are so many tombs where adults and minors are buried together, the number of adult men buried with minors is not dominant. In other cemeteries of Qijia culture, there are very few tombs co-buried with minors. It is questionable whether the establishment of patriarchy is scientific by the joint funeral of several special adult men and minors. From the development of maternal clan society to patrilineal clan society, it has become the fixed trend of people's thinking, and all kinds of studies are confined to this kind of thinking trend, and the development of the whole society can be inferred from an example. The rationality of these cases is proved by the development of society. Starting from the study of minors, this paper holds that we should break through the limitation of thinking set, jump out of the blind pursuit of the common study of each graveyard, and truly reflect and deeply study the personality of cemeteries should also be paid attention to.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K878.8

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