恩格斯宗教世俗化思想探究

发布时间：2018-01-31 23:22

本文关键词： 宗教世俗化恩格斯宗教观历史唯物主义　出处：《武汉理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类进入工业时代,生产方式的巨变推动着社会各方面的重构。世界万物皆在变化、发展之中,宗教亦是如此。宗教世俗化并不是现代社会的产物,它经历了漫长的历史演变过程。而当今社会中世俗化趋势日渐明显,成为当代宗教的主体色,世俗化研究也被视为近现代宗教研究的重要课题之一。世俗化一方面使宗教在社会诸多领域逐渐趋于边缘位置；另一方面宗教又通过自体革新,以更适宜的方式存在于当今世界。只有遵循客观规律,从正确的宗教观出发去认识宗教的本质、产生、功能以及发展趋势,才能把握世俗化的潮流特征,全面分析世俗化的一系列问题,从而在社会实践中趋利避害。恩格斯受所处的微观环境影响,对宗教给予了一定程度的重视,在对宗教进行研究和批判的过程中,恩格斯逐渐树立起历史唯物主义旗帜。他继承和发展了马克思的思想,并就马克思的宗教理论展开了较为系统地阐发。因此,恩格斯宗教观在整个马克思主义宗教观中保持着相对的独立性,蕴含重要的研究价值,对我们理解当代宗教世俗化问题具有指导意义。本文首先从恩格斯宗教思想形成和发展的历程谈起,以宏观视角解析恩格斯宗教理论中与宗教世俗化相联系的部分观点。其次谈到恩格斯对于宗教本质的剖析为宗教注入了世俗的基础,并结合恩格斯对世俗化的态度,阐明他的思想是对西方传统宗教世俗化思想的伟大创新。接着本文从微观层面来探讨恩格斯的宗教世俗化思想,厘清政治、经济、文化、科学等与宗教世俗化的内在联系。最后进一步论证恩格斯用现实世界的世俗化、用人实践的本质来诠释宗教的世俗化趋势,这些世俗化思想植根于恩格斯的宗教观中。诚然,历史唯物主义不能作为研究全部宗教问题的“大标签”,恩格斯提供给我们的是一种研究的思路和方式,他的宗教世俗化思想并没有形成专门的理论,因而其宗教世俗化思想属于方法论范畴而不是具体的学科体系。在恩格斯唯物主义宗教观的启示下,我们一方面应当秉承“与时俱进”、“实事求是”的理论精髓,在实践中发展和丰富马克思主义宗教观；另一方面需要准确掌握宗教的现代局势,运用宗教在世俗化中的自我调节能力,施展宗教在现代社会中的积极作用,指导宗教与社会主义相适应,和谐发展。
[Abstract]:When mankind enters the industrial age, the great changes in the mode of production promote the reconstruction of all aspects of society. Everything in the world is changing and developing, so is religion. Secularization of religion is not the product of modern society. It has gone through a long historical evolution process, but in today's society the trend of secularization is becoming more and more obvious, becoming the main color of contemporary religion. The study of secularization is also regarded as one of the important subjects in the research of modern religion. On the one hand, secularization makes religion tend to be marginalized in many fields of society; On the other hand, religion exists in today's world in a more suitable way through self-innovation. Only by following the objective law and starting from the correct religious view to understand the essence, production, function and development trend of religion. In order to grasp the trend characteristics of secularization, comprehensively analyze a series of problems of secularization, so as to seek advantages and avoid harm in social practice. Influenced by the micro environment, Engels paid attention to religion to a certain extent, in the process of researching and criticizing religion. Engels gradually set up the banner of historical materialism. He inherited and developed Marx's thought, and carried out a more systematic analysis of Marx's religious theory. Engels' religious view maintains relative independence in the whole Marxist religious view and contains important research value, which is of guiding significance to our understanding of the secularization of contemporary religion. This paper begins with the formation and development of Engels' religious thought. In this paper, the author analyzes the views of Engels' religious theory in relation to religious secularization. Secondly, Engels' analysis of the nature of religion infuses the secular basis of religion. In combination with Engels' attitude to secularization, this paper clarifies that his thought is a great innovation to the western traditional religious secularization. Then, this paper discusses Engels' religious secularization from the micro level and clarifies politics. Finally, Engels explains the trend of secularization of religion with the secularization of the real world and the essence of employment practice. These secularization ideas are rooted in Engels' religious views. It is true that historical materialism can not be used as a "big label" to study all religious problems. Engels offered us a kind of thinking and method of research, and his religious secularization thought did not form a special theory. Therefore, his religious secularization thought belongs to the category of methodology rather than the specific discipline system. Under the enlightenment of Engels' religious materialism, on the one hand, we should adhere to "keep pace with the times". The essence of the theory of "seeking truth from facts" develops and enriches Marxist religious views in practice; On the other hand, it is necessary to grasp the modern situation of religion accurately, to use the self-regulating ability of religion in secularization, to exert the positive role of religion in modern society, to guide religion to adapt to socialism and to develop harmoniously.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B920;A811

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