马克思“现实的个人”思想及其实践意义

发布时间：2018-02-02 02:10

本文关键词： 马克思现实的个人历史唯物主义　出处：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社会主义市场经济的建立和发展,使得人们在物质上日益丰富,但这种发展同时也带来了一系列的问题。市场经济的利益驱动和其培育个人发展的特性,使人们往往局限于追求个人的利益得失,过多的注重物质利益,而忽视人精神方面的追求,从而导致人的发展上的片面化和物化状态。中国经济快速的粗放发展在一定程度上是建立在个人片面发展的基础上的,这就要求扬弃个人发展的这种片面性,以推动社会和经济全面发展。马克思关于“现实的个人”思想为我们走出人的发展困境提供了有益启示。作为唯物史观构成部分的马克思“现实的个人”思想,把“现实的个人”作为历史发展的起点,科学阐释了“现实的个人”发展与社会发展的间的关系,揭示了个人由“片面”向“全面”发展的过程及其规律。马克思“现实的个人”思想及其当代意义,为正确认识目前中国人的发展与社会发展的关系,促进人的全面发展,实现个人发展与社会发展的和谐统一,提供了重要启示。本文以唯物史观为指导,系统阐释了马克思关于“现实的个人”思想提出的理论渊源、思想内容的基本架构及其实践意义。全文共分为四大部分：本文第一部分探究马克思“现实的个人”思想所批判的对象。马克思“现实的个人”思想的形成与鲍威尔、费尔巴哈和施蒂纳三者相关思想有直接关系,因此,我们有必要首先系统阐述他们三人的相关思想,即：鲍威尔的“自我意识”思想、费尔巴哈的“类”思想以及施蒂纳的“唯一者”思想。第二部分重点阐释了马克思对鲍威尔、费尔巴哈和施蒂纳三者相关思想的批判。马克思“现实的个人”思想源于马克思对鲍威尔、费尔巴哈和施蒂纳相关思想的批判。该部分系统的阐述了马克思对鲍威尔的“自我意识”思想、费尔巴哈的“类”思想和施蒂纳的“唯一者”思想的批判,并在此基础上考察了“三种批判”在这一思想形成中的作用。第三部分论述了马克思“现实的个人”思想的基本架构。主要包括：“现实的个人”思想的内涵和内在的基本特性,马克思“现实的个人”思想在唯物史观中的重要地位,以及马克思对“现实的个人”思想的进一步丰富和发展。最后一部分论证了马克思“现实的个人”思想研究的实践意义。该部分首先阐述当代中国人所面临的生存发展困境,即人的理想信仰的缺失以及人的物化现象的出现,以此进一步指出,我们分析问题和解决问题始终要以“现实的个人”作为出发点,把“现实的个人”作为社会发展的起点和旨归,不断推进人的全面自由的发展,以实现人与社会的和谐统一。
[Abstract]:With the establishment and development of socialist market economy, people are increasingly rich in material, but this development also brings a series of problems. So that people are often limited to the pursuit of personal interests, too much attention to material interests, and ignore the pursuit of human spirit. This leads to the one-sided and materialized state of human development. To some extent, the rapid and extensive development of China's economy is based on the one-sided development of the individual, which requires the abandonment of the one-sidedness of the individual development. In order to promote the all-round development of society and economy, Marx's thought on "realistic individual" has provided us with useful enlightenment for us to get out of the predicament of human development. As a component of historical materialism, Marx's "realistic individual" thought. Taking "realistic individual" as the starting point of historical development, this paper scientifically explains the relationship between the development of "realistic individual" and social development. It reveals the process and law of individual development from "one-sided" to "all-round". Marx's thought of "realistic individual" and its contemporary significance, in order to correctly understand the relationship between Chinese development and social development at present. Promoting the all-round development of human beings and realizing the harmony and unity of individual development and social development provide important enlightenment. Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper systematically explains the theoretical origin, the basic structure and practical significance of Marx's thought on "realistic individual". The full text is divided into four parts: The first part of this paper explores the object of Marx's thought of "realistic individual". The formation of Marx's thought of "realistic individual" is directly related to the related thoughts of Powell, Feuerbach and Steiner. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically expound the related thoughts of the three of them, namely: Powell's "self-consciousness", Feuerbach's "class" and Steiner's "one and only". The second part focuses on Marx's criticism of Powell, Feuerbach and Steiner. Marx's "realistic individual" thought originates from Marx's criticism of Powell. This part systematically expounds Marx's criticism of Powell's "self-consciousness", Feuerbach's "class" and Steiner's "only one". On this basis, the author examines the role of "three kinds of criticism" in the formation of this thought. The third part discusses the basic structure of Marx's thought of "realistic individual", mainly including: the connotation and internal basic characteristic of "realistic individual" thought. The important position of Marx's thought of "realistic individual" in historical materialism, and the further enrichment and development of Marx's thought of "realistic individual". The last part demonstrates the practical significance of Marx's "realistic individual" thought research. That is, the absence of human ideal belief and the appearance of materialization of human beings, which further points out that we should always take the "realistic individual" as the starting point to analyze and solve problems. Taking the "realistic individual" as the starting point and aim of social development, we should continuously promote the all-round and free development of human beings in order to realize the harmony and unity between human beings and society.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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