马克思市民社会理论及其对加强我国社会管理的启示

发布时间：2018-02-10 18:13

本文关键词： 市民社会马克思社会管理政治国家　出处：《浙江工商大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：市民社会理论是一个复杂的、历经社会历史变迁的理论体系,对其思想渊源的回溯有助于深刻把握马克思市民社会理论的精髓。马克思市民社会思想的来源可以被划分为古典市民社会和近代市民社会两个阶段。亚里士多德和西塞罗是古典市民社会时期的典型代表,在亚里士多德那里,市民社会代表的是一种政治共同体和伦理共同体,西塞罗亦将参与政治生活规定为人的本质,且将立基于自然法则之上的“正义”和“理性”规范视为市民社会的基础与根本原则。在近代市民社会时期,以霍布斯、洛克、卢梭、黑格尔为代表的思想家开始把市民社会理论当作争取自由权利、反对封建专制的武器,特别是黑格尔从市场经济社会中人与人的本质性关系出发,完成了对市民社会概念的正确抽象。马克思在批判地继承了前人特别是黑格尔思想的基础上,逐步形成和完善了自己的市民社会理论。马克思关于市民社会概念的论述主要可以从两个角度来划分：一是一般意义上的市民社会概念,即把市民社会看做是不同于公共领域或普遍利益的私人利益关系,私人领域、非官方的社会组织、国家政治生活之外的社会生活等；二是实质意义上的市民社会概念,即把市民社会归结为物质交往形式。另外,本文还从市民社会赖以生存和发育的基础、市民社会的重要保障手段、市民社会民主机制形成的重要条件三个方面论述了马克思市民社会的内部结构和运作机制。马克思市民社会理论不仅为其唯物史观的创立作出了巨大贡献,成为历史唯物主义的重要范畴,而且在推动市场经济和民主政治的发展进程中发挥了重大作用,特别是马克思关于市民社会与政治国家二元分离并高于政治国家的理论,对我国乃至世界的经济、政治、文化、社会发展具有重大价值。改革开放以来,我国的经济社会建设取得了举世瞩目的成绩,尤其是保障和改善民生的工作取得巨大进展,但是在全球化、信息化、城市化愈演愈烈的国际大背景下,我国也不断面临着诸如贫富差距持续拉大、人口结构不断变化、人们思想观念发生转变等新问题、新挑战,这就对加强和创新我国社会管理提出了更高的要求。而以“全部历史的真币发源地和舞台”姿态呈现的马克思市民社会理论对加强我国社会管理的法律、体制、能力建设都有着极其重要的启示。马克思市民社会理论不仅对我国社会管理立法依据的明晰、法律建设方式的创新和体制建设的完善具有重大意义,为实现由传统的政府一元化管理模式向全社会多元治理模式的根本性转变提供了一定的理论依据,并且对政府管理能力和社会自治自理能力的提高起到不可忽视的指导作用。
[Abstract]:The theory of civil society is a complex theoretical system that has undergone social and historical changes. It is helpful to grasp the essence of Marx's civil society theory. The origin of Marx's civil society thought can be divided into two stages: classical civil society and modern civil society. Aristotle. And Cicero was a typical representative of classical civil society, In Aristotle, civil society represents a political community and an ethical community, and Cicero defines participation in political life as a human being. And regard the norms of "justice" and "reason" based on the law of nature as the foundation and fundamental principle of civil society. In the modern civil society period, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, The thinkers represented by Hegel began to regard the theory of civil society as the weapon of fighting for the right of freedom and opposing feudal autocracy, especially Hegel proceeding from the essential relationship between man and man in the market economy society. Completed the correct abstraction of the concept of civil society. Marx critically inherited the thought of predecessors, especially Hegel, Marx's exposition on the concept of civil society can be divided into two aspects: one is the concept of civil society in the general sense, That is, to regard civil society as a relationship of private interests different from that of the public sphere or general interests, private sphere, unofficial social organizations, social life outside the political life of the country, etc. The second is the concept of civil society in the substantive sense. That is to say, the civil society is reduced to the form of material communication. In addition, this article also analyzes the basis of the existence and development of the civil society and the important means of safeguarding the civil society. This paper discusses the internal structure and operating mechanism of Marx's civil society from three aspects of the important conditions for the formation of democratic mechanism of civil society. Marx's theory of civil society not only makes great contributions to the establishment of his historical materialism. It has become an important category of historical materialism and has played an important role in promoting the development of market economy and democratic politics, especially Marx's theory that the civil society and the political state are dualistic and higher than the political state. It is of great value to the economic, political, cultural and social development of our country and the world. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic and social construction has made remarkable achievements, especially in the work of ensuring and improving people's livelihood. However, in the international context of globalization, information technology and urbanization, China is also constantly facing new problems and challenges, such as the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the constant changes in the population structure and the changes in people's ideas. This has put forward higher requirements for strengthening and innovating the social management of our country. However, Marx's civil society theory, presented in the posture of "the birthplace and stage of real money in all history", provides a legal and institutional basis for strengthening the social management of our country. Marx's theory of civil society is of great significance not only to the clarity of the legislative basis of social management in China, but also to the innovation of legal construction methods and the perfection of system building. It provides a certain theoretical basis for realizing the fundamental transformation from the traditional unified government management model to the pluralistic governance model of the whole society, and plays an important role in guiding the improvement of the government management ability and the self-care ability of social autonomy.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D035;A811

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