人的异化及其克服—马克思的异化理论研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 22:49

本文关键词： 马克思人的异化异化的克服人的自由全面发展　出处：《大连理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马克思通过对早期资本主义国家工人阶级的生存状况的调查与研究,发现了现实生活中工人的异化状态,进而提出异化理论。马克思的异化理论的思想渊源是卢梭、黑格尔、费尔巴哈的异化理论,以及亚当·斯密的政治经济学。马克思的异化理论认为,在资本主义生产方式下,人存在着以下几方面的异化。其一,在经济方面,劳动者与其产品相异化。工人生产的财富越多,他的产品的力量和数量越大,他就越贫穷。工人创造的商品越多,他就越变成廉价的商品。其二,人同人相异化。人与人之间是一种冷漠、竞争的关系,个人是一种抽象、孤独与消极的个人。此外,劳动者通过异化劳动生产出了一个站在劳动之外的人同这个劳动的关系,而这说到底也就是工人同资本家的关系。异化劳动导致了无产阶级和资产阶级的对立。其三,劳动者同他的类本质相异化。人的类特性或类本质就是进行一种自由自觉的、有创造性的活动。而资本主义的生产方式,造成金钱至上、货币崇拜,使人们偏离了真正有价值、有创造性、有意义的人生。而在马克思看来,这是一种异化。马克思认为,产生上述异化的根源是私有制,是资本主义的生产方式。而异化的否定与克服的途径则是要通过对于资本主义生产方式的否定与克服。从终极的意义上说,是要经由社会主义,实现共产主义,从而实现人的个性的全面自由的发展。马克思的异化理论对于我们今天的社会发展仍然具有重要的启示意义。深刻领会他的这一理论,有助于我们追求贫富差距的缩小、公平正义的实现。这一理论还启示我们以马克思主义理论及中西方思想文化的精华来教育青年,引导青年树立高尚、正确的人生观和价值观,促进人的个性全面自由的发展。
[Abstract]:By investigating and studying the living conditions of the working class in the early capitalist countries, Marx discovered the alienation of workers in real life and put forward the alienation theory. Feuerbach's theory of alienation, and Adam Smith's political economy. Marx's alienation theory holds that, under the capitalist mode of production, human beings are alienated in the following aspects: first, in the economic aspect, workers and their products are alienated. The more wealth workers produce, the more wealth they produce. The greater the power and quantity of his products, the poorer he will be. The more goods workers create, the more he will become cheap goods. Second, people are alienated from people. There is a cold, competitive relationship between people, and the individual is an abstraction. Loneliness and negativity. In addition, the laborer produces a relationship between a person standing outside of labor and this labor through alienated labor, This, in the final analysis, is the relationship between workers and capitalists. Alienated labor leads to the antagonism between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. Thirdly, the laborer is alienated from the nature of his class. The capitalist mode of production, which leads to the supremacy of money and the worship of money, makes people deviate from a truly valuable, creative and meaningful life. In Marx's view, this is a kind of alienation. Marx believed that the origin of the above alienation is private ownership, which is the mode of production of capitalism, and the way to negate and overcome alienation is through the negation and overcoming of capitalist mode of production. It is to realize communism through socialism so as to realize the all-round and free development of human personality. Marx's theory of alienation is still of great significance to our social development today. A deep understanding of his theory will help us to pursue the narrowing of the gap between the rich and the poor. This theory also enlightens us to educate young people with Marxism theory and the essence of Chinese and Western ideology and culture, to guide young people to set up noble and correct outlook on life and values, and to promote the all-round and free development of human personality.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D641

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