波普“开放社会”理论的马克思主义研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 22:13

本文选题：开放社会　切入点：极权主义　出处：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过对《开放社会及其敌人》这本书的分析研究,对“封闭社会”与“开放社会”概念分别进行了说明,并对波普尔的“开放社会”理论进行了研究,包括其历史背景、理论基础、特点与价值以及对这一理论的评价等。本文从历史决定论的角度,将波普尔的非历史决定论与马克思的历史决定论进行对比,进而批判性地看待波普尔的“开放社会”理论,对波普尔对马克思主义的理解、批判与误读等进行了探讨。在波普尔对马克思所作的众多批判中,被学者最为重视的是对马克思唯物史观的批判。本文针对波普尔对马克思唯物史观的理解、批判、误读进行了分析。波普尔认为,马克思主义是以历史预言为基础的,它具有行动主义和历史主义的特征,而行动主义与历史主义之间存在着一条鸿沟,唯物史观则是沟通这条鸿沟的桥梁。波普尔还认为马克思主义的理论基础是历史的科学预言,而并不是道德考虑和对被剥削者的同情,其建立的根源有失偏颇,是不科学的实证主义。波普尔对马克思主义的解读,虽然有正确之处,但也存在着严重的误读。例如:波普尔将马克思主义认为的历史发展是有规律可循的,误读为是马克思对历史的预言;波普尔将马克思所说的无产阶级道德一定会取代资产阶级道德,误读为马克思是支持无产阶级道德的;波普尔将马克思的无产阶级道德体系必然取得胜利,资产阶级道德体系必然消失,误读为是道德相对主义者的道德信仰;波普尔将马克思的道德理论,误读为是“强权就是公理”;波普尔将马克思对资本主义道德的批判和共产主义道德的展望,误读为是马克思对社会历史的预言,等等。最后本文指出了“开放社会”理论反极权主义思想和“零星社会工程”对中国民主化进程的借鉴意义,例如:反极权思想对我国整治由集权思想所导致的权力不受监督制约和高度集权现象的借鉴意义;“零星社会工程”思想对我国渐进式改革的借鉴意义等。虽然“开放社会”理论对我国民主化进程有着一定的借鉴意义,但我国特有的制度安排、经济环境、社会背景等方面的情况也是无法忽视的。所以要从我国的实际国情出发,学习“开放社会”理论的可借鉴之处。
[Abstract]:Through the analysis and study of open society and its enemies, this paper explains the concepts of "closed society" and "open society", and studies Popper's theory of "open society", including its historical background. This paper compares Popper's non-historical determinism with Marx's historical determinism from the perspective of historical determinism. Then it critically views Popper's theory of "open society", and probes into Popper's understanding, criticism and misreading of Marxism. This paper analyzes Popper's understanding, criticism and misreading of Marx's historical materialism. Popper believes that Marxism is based on historical prophecy. It has the characteristics of activism and historicism, and there is a gap between activism and historicism, and historical materialism is the bridge to bridge the gap. Popper also believes that the theoretical basis of Marxism is the scientific prophecy of history. It is not moral considerations and sympathy for the exploited. Its establishment is biased and unscientific positivism. Popper's interpretation of Marxism, though correct, But there are also serious misreading. For example: Popper thinks that the historical development of Marxism is regular, misreading is Marx's prophecy of history; Popper misinterpreted what Marx said as proletarian morality would replace bourgeois morality and misinterpreted it as a support for proletarian morality, and Popper took Marx's proletarian moral system as a sure victory. The bourgeois moral system must disappear and misread as the moral belief of the moral relativists. Pople misinterpreted Marx's criticism of capitalist morality and the outlook of communist morality as Marx's prophecy of social history. Finally, the paper points out the significance of anti-totalitarianism and "sporadic social engineering" in the process of democratization in China. For example, the anti-totalitarian thought can be used for reference in the rectification of the power caused by centralization in our country, which is not subject to supervision and restriction and the phenomenon of high centralization; the "sporadic social engineering" thought is of reference significance to the gradual reform of our country. The theory of "open society" has certain reference significance to the democratization process of our country. But the special system arrangement, economic environment and social background of our country can not be ignored, so we should study the theory of "open society" from the point of view of the actual situation of our country.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81

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