毛泽东治国思想中的儒家文化因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 07:22

本文选题：毛泽东　切入点：治国思想　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：毛泽东思想是中国化的马克思主义，而要真正做到马克思主义中国化，最关键的就是要使它与中国的现实国情和历史国情相结合；儒家文化作为中国传统文化重要组成部分是历史国情的重要内容，儒家思想文化作为封建社会的意识形态无疑是过时的东西，但作为一种文化遗产还是有可取之处的。毛泽东用马克思主义的观点，主张对儒家思想文化应当充分地利用、批判地利用，这成为马克思主义中国化的应有之义。毛泽东作为党和国家第一代领导核心，对治国安邦作了积极的探索，在政治、经济、文化以及军事、外交等方面形成了独具特色的治国思想，毛泽东治国思想具有开创性、民族性、探索性。毛泽东的治国思想吸收了儒家治国思想的精华，同时剔除了儒家治国思想的糟粕，实现了批判性的继承、创新、改造。在治国的终极目标上，深受儒家“大同”思想的影响，渴望实现社会公有、人人平等、自由发展的共产主义社会；在治国的目标上，儒家推崇从“小康”到“大同”，毛泽东把共产主义分为不发达的社会主义和发达的社会主义，都注重逐步实现；在治国的方法上，毛泽东和儒家先哲们一样，主张以德治国，靠道德的力量促进良好社会风气的形成，同时，辅之以必要的法制手段；儒家在对待贫富差距的问题上倾向于“调匀”，毛泽东提出要缩小三大差别，尽量让每个国民有饭吃、有衣穿；儒家在对待个人私利和个人享乐上要求不争利、不独乐，毛泽东提倡在利益面前发扬风格、吃苦在前、享受在后。在用人上，都强调德才兼备。毛泽东同志在继承了儒家治国思想合理成分的同时，又对儒家治国思想有所发展和创新，同时，对儒家治国思想中的一些不适宜的成分进行了改造。儒家也讲富民，但这个富民是为了更好地御民，是为了统治阶级能够照旧统治下去，毛泽东治国理政的根本出发点和目的是为了人民过上好日子，，进而实现国家的富强；历代儒家都主张“以民为本”，但这个“本”首先是在巩固王权的前提下的“本”，毛泽东把人民视为上帝，实行人民民主专政，他号召党的干部全心全意为人民服务；儒家重视教育，但脱离生产劳动，重文轻理，毛泽东强调教育与生产劳动、与实践相结合，强调德智体全面发展，更加注重国民身体的健康；在军事思想上，儒家主张慎战，不打不义之战，毛泽东认为人不犯我、我不犯人，同时，也强调人若犯我、我必犯人，只要是正义的战争，胜利是属于人民的；儒家外交讲究和而不同，毛泽东发展为和平共处五项原则，以此为基础处理外事外交；儒家反腐注重官员自省、自律，毛泽东在让干部经常受教育的同时，更加注重制度建设，更加注重发动群众同腐败现象作斗争；毛泽东同志对儒家的专制主义、宗法主义、平均主义及教育流弊也进行了无情的批判。毛泽东继承和发展儒家文化有着多方面的原因。毛泽东治国思想中的儒家文化因素对邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛的治国思想影响深远，对全面建设小康社会起着先驱作用，对文化发展与人的发展具有启发意义；毛泽东的治国思想对当前处理国际关系、民族问题及党派合作也有很重要的借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong thought is the China of the Marx doctrine, the Marx doctrine in order to do China, the key is to make it Chinese reality conditions and historical conditions combine; Confucian culture as an important part of China traditional culture is an important content of historical conditions, Confucianism as a feudal social ideology is outdated things, but as a kind of cultural heritage or has merit. Mao Zedong used Marx's viewpoint, that should make full use of the Confucian culture, criticizing the use, which became Marx's Chinese of righteousness.
As the first generation of leadership of the party and the state, Mao Zedong made a positive exploration of the rule of state and formed a unique governing thought in politics, economy, culture, military affairs and diplomacy. Mao Zedong's thought of governing the country is pioneering, national and exploratory.
Mao Zedong's thought of governing the country by absorbing the essence of Confucian thoughts, and eliminating the Confucian thought of rule by the dross, realize the critical inheritance, innovation and transformation. In the ultimate goal of ruling, deeply influenced by the Confucian thought of "Datong", for the realization of social public, equality, free development of the Communist society in the country; the target, the Confucian thoughts from "off" to "Datong", Mao Zedong put communism into less developed socialism and developed socialism, to gradually realize the rule; in the method, Mao Zedong and Confucian sages, and advocated the rule of virtue, formed by moral force to promote the good social atmosphere. At the same time, supplemented by the necessary legal means; "mix" in Confucian tendency to treat the problem of the gap between rich and poor, Mao Zedong proposed to reduce three big difference, try to make every citizen has a meal To eat, clothes to wear; Confucian in the treatment of private interests and not over personal pleasure requires not to compete, and Mao Zedong advocated to carry forward the style in front of the interests, bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. In the use of the people, stressed that Comrade Mao Zedong inherits have both ability and political integrity. Confucian ruling ideology reasonable elements at the same time, they have to the Confucian thoughts of development and innovation, at the same time, for some inappropriate composition of Confucian ruling ideology of Confucian transformation. Also people, but the people in order to better resist the people, to the ruling class will continue to be dominated, the starting point and purpose of the Mao Zedong Administration for the people to live a good day, so as to realize the prosperity of the country; the ancient Confucian advocated "people-oriented", but this "the first is in the premise of strengthen the kingship under the" this ", Mao Zedong put people as God, the implementation of the people's democracy He called on the dictatorship of Party cadres to serve the people wholeheartedly; the importance of education, but from productive labor, light weight, Mao Zedong emphasized the education and the productive labor, combined with practice, emphasizing the all-round development, pay more attention to the national physical health; in the military thought, Confucianism advocates Shen war, not to fight an unjust war Mao Zedong believes that people do not make me, I do not prisoners, at the same time, also stressed that if the person make me, I will be the prisoner, as long as it is a just war, victory belongs to the people; pay attention to its diplomatic development and harmony but not sameness, Mao Zedong the five principles of peaceful coexistence, on the basis of processing foreign diplomacy; anti-corruption officials focus on Confucian introspection at the same time, self-discipline, Mao Zedong let cadres often pay more attention to education, system construction, pay more attention to mobilize the masses to struggle against corruption; Comrade Mao Zedong despotism of Confucianism, the patriarchal doctrine, Equalitarianism and abuses of education criticism. Mao Zedong's inheritance and development of Confucian culture, there are many reasons.
The Confucian culture in Mao Zedong thoughts of Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao's profound thoughts, plays a pioneering role in building a well-off society, is of great significance to the development of culture and human development; Mao Zedong's Thoughts on the current international relations, cooperation and ethnic parties have very important reference value.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A841;B222

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