马克思自由思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 21:17

本文选题：马克思　切入点：自由思想　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类历史发展进程中，向往自由一直是人们生活所追求的内在本质和崇高的理想，它不仅是古今中外一直研究的理论问题，更是人类为追求自身的解放而研究的现实问题。在人类每经历的一个时代里，不同的人对自由的理解都有自己独特的认识，并且不断为追求实现自由而努力。通过研究和探析马克思毕生的一系列著作，我们可以发现对人的问题的研究占据着大部分的篇章，而关于人类为追求自由和人自身的解放问题是马克思众多理论研究和实践探索的目标。因此，科学地探究和把握马克思的自由思想，不仅有助于我们对社会发展理论及其马克思的人学思想有一个更深入地认识和理解，而且有助于我们把马克思的自由思想理论与人类的社会实践相结合，以体现马克思自由思想的深刻意蕴及其当代价值。本文正是鉴于前人研究相关理论的基础上，借助于经典著作及相关研究文献，在梳理和挖掘马克思自由思想中丰富的内涵基础上进行探索。本文的写作框架如下：首先考察马克思之前人类历史上对自由思想的思考和探索，主要包括古希腊罗马时代人类对自由思索的进展和近现代西方哲学家对自由问题的思考。马克思正是在吸取前人思想的基础上，结合当时时代所赋予的社会境况，通过对现实的深入调查和探索，不断批判和超越前人的自由思想，特别是吸取了黑格尔和费尔巴哈的自由思想的精华，最终超越了前人的思想创立了自己科学的自由思想。这是马克思自由思想中不可或缺的理论根基和组成部分。其次重点探讨马克思自由思想中的主要内容。这主要包括自由的主体是从事实际活动的现实的个人；人类的劳动实践是人的自由实现的根本途径；自由的实现是一个历史的过程；自由是人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的和谐统一；每个人的自由全面发展是马克思自由思想的最终价值目标。本文正是通过挖掘这五个主要方面的内容进行阐述和探析，同时这部分也是本论文论述的重点和难点部分，本文将力求通过紧密结合当代现实生活中对人的生存问题的思考，来凸现马克思自由思想的真蕴。最后主要从理论和实践两个层次上来讨论马克思自由思想对当代中国构建和谐生活所具有深远的现实意义，从理论意义上来讲有助于深化对马克思唯物史观的认识；有助于划清马克思自由思想与西方新自由主义理论的分界。从实践意义上来讲有助于为促进实现每个人的自由而全面的发展提供正确的道路；有助于落实推进社会主义和谐社会的构建。
[Abstract]:In the course of the development of human history, yearning for freedom has always been the intrinsic essence and lofty ideal that people pursue in their lives. It is not only a theoretical issue that has been studied all the time, but also a practical problem that human beings study for their own liberation.In every era of human experience, different people have their own unique understanding of freedom, and continue to strive for the realization of freedom.By studying and analyzing a series of works by Marx throughout his life, we can find that the study of human problems occupies most of the chapters.The goal of Marx's numerous theoretical research and practical exploration is to pursue human freedom and man's own liberation.Therefore, it is not only helpful for us to have a deeper understanding and understanding of the theory of social development and Marx's humanism, but also to explore and grasp Marx's free thoughts scientifically.Moreover, it is helpful for us to combine Marx's theory of free thought with human's social practice in order to reflect the profound implication of Marx's free thought and its contemporary value.In view of the previous research on the basis of relevant theories, with the help of classical works and related research literature, in order to sort out and excavate the rich connotation of Marx's freedom of thought on the basis of exploration.The framework of this thesis is as follows:First of all, it examines the thought and exploration of freedom in the history of Marx, including the progress of free thinking in ancient Greece and Rome and the thought of freedom by western philosophers in modern times.It is on the basis of absorbing the thought of predecessors, combining with the social situation given by the times at that time, that Marx continuously criticizes and transcends the free thoughts of predecessors through the thorough investigation and exploration of the reality.In particular, he absorbed the essence of Hegel and Feuerbach's freedom thought, and finally transcended the previous thought and created his own scientific freedom thought.This is an indispensable theoretical foundation and component in Marx's free thought.Secondly, the main content of Marx's freedom thought is discussed.This mainly includes that the subject of freedom is a realistic individual engaged in practical activities; human labor practice is the fundamental way to realize human freedom; the realization of freedom is a historical process; freedom is man and nature, man and society,The harmonious unity of man and himself and the free and all-round development of each person are the ultimate value goals of Marx's free thought.This article is through the excavation of these five main aspects of the content of the elaboration and analysis, at the same time, this part is also the focus and difficult part of this paper, this paper will strive to closely combine with the contemporary reality of life to the survival of human thinking,To highlight the true meaning of Marx's freedom of thought.Finally, it discusses the profound practical significance of Marx's free thought to the construction of harmonious life in contemporary China from the two levels of theory and practice, and it is helpful to deepen the understanding of Marx's historical materialism from the theoretical point of view.It is helpful to draw a clear line between Marx's freedom thought and western neoliberalism theory.In practical sense, it is helpful to provide the correct way for the realization of the free and comprehensive development of everyone, and to carry out the construction of the socialist harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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