列宁的“政治遗嘱”思想及当代价值研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 14:00

本文选题：列宁　切入点：政治遗嘱　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1917年,在列宁的领导下,俄国十月革命爆发,经过艰苦的斗争之后,人类历史上第一个无产阶级政权建立起来。在十月革命之后,列宁领导俄国人民进行了艰苦卓绝的社会主义道路的探索。不管是战时共产主义政策还是新经济政策实行时期,列宁都在思考如何在俄国这个经济文化相对落后的国家进行社会主义道路的探索。在不断的思考和实践中,列宁发现,虽然新生的苏维埃政权已经建立,但是由于沙皇长期的封建统治,人们的封建思想早已经根深蒂固,再加上战时共产主义等一系列措施给国家的生产和生活带来了很多负面的影响。随着时间的推移,这种境况逐渐加剧,此时新生的苏维埃政权官僚主义、贪污腐败日益盛行,民主制度长期被压制。这些问题都严重威胁着新生的苏维埃政权,稍有处理不慎,就会有亡党、亡国的危险。现在看来,列宁逝世后俄国的发展轨迹无一不印证着列宁的真知灼见。针对当时俄国可能面临的危险,结合马克思和恩格斯的社会主义的发展理论,列宁又进行了进一步的思考和实践。然而不幸的是,在1918年,列宁遭到反动分子的枪击,此后他的身体状况每况愈下。于是在1922年12月至1923年3月,列宁在病中把他对社会主义建设、党的建设等重大问题的思考以口授的形式加以阐释,形成了《给代表大会的信》《关于赋予国家计划委员会以立法职能》《关于民族或“自治化”问题》共三封书信,和《日记摘录》《论合作社》《论我国革命》《我们怎样改组工农检查院》《宁肯少些,但要好些》共五篇文章。这三封书信和五篇文章被称为列宁的“政治遗嘱”,其中,包含了列宁对社会主义道路探索过程中政治、经济、文化、社会等方方面面的思考和建议。列宁的本意是想通过这些“政治遗嘱”,希望能让俄国继续朝着正确的社会主义道路前进。然而事与愿违,在列宁逝世后,其继任的领导人纷纷抛弃了列宁的思想,导致俄国的发展方向逐渐偏离了社会主义的轨道,并最终导致了国家的解体。如今,虽世殊世异,但是重读列宁的“政治遗嘱”,对于当今世界处于困境中的社会主义国家依然具有十分重要的启示意义。我国目前正处于全面建成小康的决胜阶段,各种瓶颈问题日益凸显,回顾和总结列宁的“政治遗嘱”仍然有其特殊的时代价值。本文通过文献研究、对比分析以及综合归纳等研究方法,阐述了列宁“政治遗嘱”产生的时代背景、主要内容、历史命运及其当代价值,深刻地剖析了列宁“政治遗嘱”思想的发展脉络和价值意义。真理永远都不会过时,并且随着时间的发展,它的价值会愈加受到重视,大放异彩。
[Abstract]:In 1917, under Lenin's leadership, Russia's October Revolution broke out, after arduous struggle, the first proletarian regime was established in human history.After the October Revolution, Lenin led the Russian people to explore the road to socialism.Whether during the period of communist policy or new economic policy, Lenin was thinking about how to explore the socialist road in Russia, a country with relatively backward economy and culture.In constant thought and practice, Lenin found that although the new Soviet regime had been established, the feudal ideology of the people had long been deeply rooted because of the long feudal rule of the tsar.In addition, a series of measures, such as wartime communism, brought a lot of negative effects to the country's production and life.As time went on, the situation grew worse, as the nascent Soviet bureaucracy, corruption and democracy were suppressed for a long time.These problems are a serious threat to the new Soviet regime, if handled carelessly, there is a danger of the party and subjugation.Now it'seems that the development of Russia after Lenin's death is a proof of Lenin's insight.In view of the danger that Russia might face at that time, Lenin further pondered and put it into practice in combination with Marx and Engels' theory of socialist development.Unfortunately, Lenin was shot by reactionaries in 1918, and his health deteriorated.So from December 1922 to March 1923, Lenin explained in his illness his thoughts on major issues such as socialist construction and party building in the form of dictation."A letter to the Congress," "giving legislative functions to the State Planning Commission," "on the issue of nationality or" autonomy, "a total of three letters,And "Diary excerpts" "on the Co-operatives" "on the Revolution of our country" "how to restructure the Inspection Institutes of Workers and Peasants]" < would be less, but better? "A total of five articles.These three letters and five articles are called Lenin's "political will", which contains Lenin's thoughts and suggestions on politics, economy, culture and society in the course of exploring the socialist road.Lenin was meant to pass these political wills, hoping to keep Russia on the right path to socialism.However, after Lenin's death, his successors abandoned Lenin's ideas, leading Russia to deviate from the socialist track and eventually lead to the disintegration of the country.Today, although the world is different, rereading Lenin's "political will" is still of great significance to the socialist countries in the plight of the world.At present, our country is in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and all kinds of bottleneck problems are becoming more and more prominent. Reviewing and summarizing Lenin's "political will" still has its special value of the times.Through literature research, comparative analysis and comprehensive induction, this paper expounds the background, main contents, historical fate and contemporary value of Lenin's political will.This paper deeply analyzes the developing thread and value meaning of Lenin's thought of political will.Truth never goes out of date, and as time goes on, its value becomes more and more important.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A82

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