马克思恩格斯民生思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 10:41

本文选题：马克思恩格斯　切入点：民生思想　出处：《新疆师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：民生，即国民生计，就是与广大人民的生活、生存和发展密切相关的物质文化生活方面的需求。民生问题在社会发展中的重要性在于民生是社会生存发展的前提，一切社会发展的主体是人民群众,人民群众是历史发展的决定力量，作为历史主体的人求生存是社会发展的根本性动力。在马克思主义的经典著作和重要论述中虽未明确出现“民生”一词，但是他对民生的重视几乎渗透于马克思主义全部理论和实践中。改革开放以来，随着我国经济的快速发展，民生问题也不断被扩大，民生问题解决的好坏直接影响到了社会的发展与稳定。加强马克思恩格斯民生思想的研究并将其辩证的世界观和方法论统一起来，用于解决我国当前社会发展的民生问题，这是本文研究的主题。本文主体部分由三部分组成：第一部分：“马克思恩格斯民生思想的理论来源和形成过程”。首先，阐述马克思恩格斯民生思想的理论来源，详细分析启蒙思想家、黑格尔、费尔巴哈以及空想社会主义的民生观对马克思恩格斯民生思想产生的重要影响。其次，阐述马克思恩格斯民生思想的形成过程，把马克思恩格斯的民生思想划分为三个阶段来加以考察和说明，，即唯物史观形成之前的萌芽阶段，伴随着唯物史观确立的正式形成阶段，以及唯物史观确立之后在唯物史观指导下的成熟阶段。第二部分：“马克思恩格斯民生思想的基本内容”。本章是全文的核心部分，首先，阐述民生思想的内涵是“现实的人”通过“他们的活动”摄取“他们的生活条件”以满足自身生存发展的需求，以及民生思想的本质是实践；其次，详述民生思想的特征是批判性、务实性、实践性、和谐型，民生类型有生存型、享受型、发展型三种；再次，分析解决民生问题要坚持人的发展与经济的发展相协调、坚持社会整体发展与个体发展相一致、坚持充分发挥国家社会管理的职能原则以及坚持生产力与生产关系协调发展、坚持劳动者与生产资料结合、消灭私有制的方法；最后阐述民生思想的价值取向是“以人为本”，理论旨归是实现人的全面而自由的发展。第三部分：“马克思恩格斯民生思想的当代意义”。该部分尝试理论与实践相结合的角度，把马克思恩格斯的民生思想放在建设社会主义和谐社会的实践进程中去思考，有助于贯彻落实科学发展观、有助于构建社会主义和谐社会，从而更好的推动建设一个使每个人都能全面而自由发展的和谐社会。
[Abstract]:People's livelihood, that is, national livelihood, is the material and cultural life needs which are closely related to the life, survival and development of the broad masses of people.The importance of livelihood issues in social development lies in the fact that people's livelihood is the prerequisite for the survival and development of society, that the main body of all social development is the masses of the people, and that the people are the decisive force for the development of history.As the main body of history, the survival of people is the fundamental motive force of social development.Although the word "people's livelihood" does not appear clearly in the classical works and important expositions of Marxism, his emphasis on people's livelihood almost permeates the whole theory and practice of Marxism.Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of our economy, people's livelihood issues have been constantly expanded, the quality of livelihood problems directly affect the development and stability of society.To strengthen the study of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood and to unify its dialectical world outlook and methodology to solve the problems of people's livelihood in China's current social development is the theme of this paper.The main part of this paper consists of three parts:The first part: the theoretical source and formation process of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood.First of all, it expounds the theoretical source of Marx and Engels' livelihood thought, and analyzes in detail the important influence of enlightenment thinkers, Hegel, Feuerbach and utopian socialism on the livelihood of Marx and Engels.Secondly, it expounds the forming process of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood, divides Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood into three stages to investigate and explain, that is, the embryonic stage before the formation of historical materialism.Along with the formative stage of historical materialism, and the mature stage under the guidance of historical materialism after the establishment of historical materialism.The second part: the basic content of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood.This chapter is the core part of the full text, first of all, the connotation of the people's livelihood thought is that "realistic people" ingest "their living conditions" through "their activities" to meet the needs of their own survival and development, and the essence of the people's livelihood thought is practice;Secondly, the characteristics of the thought of people's livelihood are critical, practical, practical, harmonious, and there are three types of people's livelihood: survival, enjoyment and development. Thirdly, to analyze and solve people's livelihood problems, we should insist on the coordination between human development and economic development.Adhere to the social overall development and individual development consistent, adhere to the principle of giving full play to the functions of national social management, adhere to the coordinated development of productive forces and relations of production, adhere to the combination of workers and means of production, the elimination of private ownership;Finally, the value orientation of the thought of people's livelihood is "people-oriented", and the theoretical aim is to realize the all-round and free development of human beings.The third part: the contemporary significance of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood.This part tries to combine theory with practice, puts Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood in the practice process of building socialist harmonious society, which is helpful to carry out the scientific development view.It is helpful to build a harmonious socialist society, so as to promote the construction of a harmonious society in which everyone can develop in an all-round and free way.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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