从马克思哲学的视野看波普的世界1，2，3理论

发布时间：2018-04-16 21:10

本文选题：世界3 + 实践唯物主义　；参考：《江南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在波普看来，世界1是物理客体或物理状态的世界，具有客观性、外在性、具体性和可感性的特征，是世界的基本层次。世界2的核心是大脑的认知活动，它具有复杂性和灵活性的特征。在八十年代前，，世界3主要是指客观知识的世界；1982年，波普在阿尔普巴赫作的“知识及实在的形成”（“Knowledge and theshaping of Reality”）的演讲中，将部分人工产品也视作世界3的成员。一些传统的马克思主义者往往在“唯物”“唯心”的框架下批判波普的世界1,2,3理论，随着中国哲学、国外哲学和马克思主义哲学的不断融合，我们发现，不能仅仅停留在旧哲学视野下挞伐世界3，还要看到世界1,2,3理论有利于构建人与自然之间合理的新陈代谢关系，有利于为知识经济的发展提供哲学基础，有利于重新理解马克思的哲学。世界1,2,3理论有力地挑战了旧唯物主义的本体论，波普将世界2和世界3截然分开的作法，也促使我们重新理解马克思的文本，促使我们依照标准化唯物主义的逻辑提出了马克思主义的第五个组成部分——社会学。随着马克思文本的不断自我革命，我们发现，马克思的本体论不是那种“世界统一于物质”的本体论，而是实践——社会存在本体论、实践——社会生产关系本体论和实践——社会结构本体论，我们正是用这种新本体论为依据来改造波普的世界1,2,3理论。波普自始至终承认自然的存在，也就是他所谓的世界1，但他只是在自然存在的基础上对感性的世界作静态的直观，仅从自然存在出发去解释存在和社会存在，却始终没有在人化世界的基础上探讨自然的存在，这就使得他一直在脱离历史的世界中兜圈子。在以往的研究者那里，根本没有人关注世界1,2,3理论的“世界”概念究竟是什么，没有人关注波普是在“不太严格地意义”上使用“世界”概念，正如海德格尔所指出的那样，世界之为世界的现象被此在跳过去了。无论是传统教材中的马克思主义哲学，还是波普的世界1,2,3理论，都背离了马克思的实践——社会存在本体论和实践——社会生产关系本体论。波普试图用世界3来编织本体论的皇冠，通过世界3的逐级客体化来解释这个世界，这就像一个勇敢的水手上错了船，只会离人化自然越来越远。马克思强调“全世界无产者联合起来”“改造世界”，这也是他的实践——社会结构本体论的经典阐述。当我们追究什么是世界3的时候，已经默许了世界3的本体论承诺，这就掩盖了人与世界3之间的实践关系，掩盖了世界3通过在世之在与存在发生关联的机制。因此，我们需要实现问题域的转换，即从存在的世界3到世界3的存在，而转换的起始点则是《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》，转换的整个工作室就是马克思的哲学,正是通过这样的努力，波普的“三个世界”蜗居降旗，而马克思的实践唯物主义和历史唯物主义逐鹿中原。
[Abstract]:In Pope's view, world 1 is the world of physical object or physical state, with the characteristics of objectivity, externality, concreteness and sensibility, and is the basic level of the world.The core of World 2 is the cognitive activity of the brain, which is characterized by complexity and flexibility.Before the 1980s, the world 3 mainly refers to the world of objective knowledge. In 1982, Pope regarded some artificial products as members of the world 3 in his "Knowledge and theshaping of Reality" speech by Alp Bach.Some traditional Marxists often criticize Pope's theory of the world under the framework of "materialism" and "idealism". With the continuous integration of Chinese philosophy, foreign philosophy and Marxist philosophy, we find thatNot only can we stop in the view of the old philosophy to criticize the world, but also see that the theory of the world is conducive to the construction of a reasonable metabolic relationship between man and nature, and to the provision of a philosophical basis for the development of knowledge economy.It is conducive to a new understanding of Marx's philosophy.The theory of world 1 / 2 / 3 has powerfully challenged the ontology of the old materialism. Pope's way of separating the world 2 from the world 3 has also prompted us to re-understand Marx's text.In accordance with the logic of standardized materialism, we put forward the fifth component of Marxism-sociology.With the constant self-revolution of Marx's text, we find that Marx's ontology is not the kind of ontology that "the world is unified in matter", but the practice-social ontology of being.Practice-social relations of production ontology and practice-social structure ontology, we use this new ontology as the basis to reform Popper's theory of the world 1 / 2 / 3.Pope has always acknowledged the existence of nature, which is what he calls the world, 1 but he has only made a static intuitive view of the perceptual world on the basis of the existence of nature, explaining existence and social existence only from the point of view of natural existence.However, he has never explored the existence of nature on the basis of humanized world.No one in the past has paid any attention to the concept of "world" in the theory of "1 / 2 / 3" or to the fact that Pope is using the concept of "world" in a "less strict sense", as Heidegger points out.The phenomenon that the world is the world has been skipped.Both Marxist philosophy in traditional textbooks and Popper's theory of the world deviate from Marx's practice-social ontology and practice-social relations of production ontology.Pope's attempt to weave the crown of ontology with World 3, to explain the world through the progressive objectification of World 3, is like a brave sailor on the wrong ship, only farther and farther away from the humanized nature.Marx emphasized that "the proletarians of the whole world unite" and "transform the world", which is his classical exposition of social structure ontology.When we investigate what world 3 is, we have acquiesced in the ontological promise of world 3, which conceals the practical relationship between man and world 3, and the mechanism by which world 3 relates to existence through being.Therefore, we need to transform the problem domain from the existence of the world 3 to the existence of the world 3,The starting point of the transformation was the outline on Feuerbach and the German ideology. The whole studio of the transformation was Marx's philosophy. It was through such efforts that Pope's "three worlds" were banners.And Marx's practice materialism and historical materialism go after the Central Plains.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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