马克思市民社会理论及其当代意义

发布时间：2018-04-19 20:00

本文选题：市民社会 + 政治国家　；参考：《天津商业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前，我国社会正经历着深刻的社会变革，国家与社会关系不断表现出新的特点。如何根据不断变化的形势实现国家与社会的互动，发挥各自管理社会生活的职能，提高社会运行效率，保证社会良性运行，是我国社会建设过程中始终坚持探索的目标。马克思市民社会理论主要研究了国家与市民社会关系问题，是马克思主义学说所包含的重要内容，在当今背景下挖掘马克思市民社会理论对于我们今天的社会建设具有重要的指导意义。马克思市民社会理论主要是在批判近代市民社会理论，尤其是黑格尔市民社会理论的基础上形成的。马克思继承了黑格尔市民社会理论中国家与市民社会分离的观点，明确区分了国家与市民社会。通过在哲学和经济学领域的深入研究，马克思批判了黑格尔将国家置于市民社会之上、国家决定市民社会的观点，最终形成市民社会是国家的基础并决定国家的理论。马克思通过一系列论述对市民社会的基础地位进行了肯定，，但也指出市民社会因对私利性过分追逐使其自身也存在一些缺陷，内部存在一些矛盾，这些缺陷和矛盾可以通过国家来得到一定程度的克服与解决，所以国家与市民社会二者间不是完全对立的。市民社会缺陷想要达到彻底克服，就需要进行解放。政治解放使国家与市民社会得以分离，使市民社会获得了平等的政治地位，但政治解放没能完全克服市民社会自身不足，只有人类解放才能达到对市民社会彻底克服，使每个人的自由发展成为一切人的自由发展的条件成为可能。
[Abstract]:At present, the society of our country is undergoing profound social transformation, and the state-social relationship is constantly showing new characteristics. How to realize the interaction between the state and society according to the changing situation, how to exert their respective functions of managing social life, how to improve the efficiency of social operation, and how to ensure the benign operation of society is the goal of our country's social construction. Marx's theory of civil society mainly studies the social relationship between the state and the citizen, which is an important part of Marxist theory. Excavating Marx's civil society theory in the present background has important guiding significance for our social construction today. Marx's civil society theory was formed on the basis of criticizing modern civil society theory, especially Hegel's civil society theory. Marx inherited Hegel's theory of civil society that the state was separated from the civil society and clearly distinguished the state from the civil society. Through in-depth research in the field of philosophy and economics, Marx criticized Hegel for putting the state above the civil society, the view that the state determines the civil society, and finally the theory that civil society is the foundation of the state and determines the state. Marx affirmed the basic position of the civil society through a series of expositions, but also pointed out that the civil society had some defects and contradictions because of its excessive pursuit of private interests. These defects and contradictions can be overcome and solved to a certain extent by the state, so the state and the civil society are not completely opposite. In order to overcome the defects of civil society, we need to be liberated. Political liberation separates the state from the civil society and makes the civil society gain equal political status. However, the political liberation can not completely overcome the shortcomings of the civil society itself. Only the liberation of human beings can completely overcome the civil society. It is possible to make the free development of every human being the condition of free development of all human beings.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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