马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 20:27

本文选题：马克思恩格斯 + 妇女解放　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：女性争取与男性平等的政治、经济、文化等方面的权利,不仅是妇女运动关注的问题,也是整个人类社会面临的重大问题,关系到全人类的自由解放和每一个人的自由全面发展。马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想是马克思主义理论的重要组成部分,也是马克思主义妇女解放思想的理论源头。随着马克思主义妇女解放思想在社会主义国家的成功实践以及西方女性主义思潮自身发展的自身要求,马克思恩格斯经典著作中所论述的妇女解放的思想越来越被人们所关注、挖掘和研究,其科学性和革命性越来越显示真理的光芒。本论文以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导,以马克思恩格斯的经典著作文本为依据,在吸收借鉴现有理论成果的基础上,深入研究马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想形成的社会历史条件、理论来源和理论基础、基本内容和历史地位,并在此基础上探讨马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想的当代价值。马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想的产生和发展与马克思主义的产生和发展是不可分割的同步过程。从历史维度分析,马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想形成的时代正是欧洲资本主义制度的上升时期。资本主义制度的确立和先进生产力的发展等政治和经济条件以及由此兴起的妇女解放社会意识等社会心理条件均为马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想产生准备了历史背景。古希腊神话中女性地位变迁的申诉、启蒙思想家的人文主义思想、德国古典哲学中的人的思想、资产阶级民主主义妇女解放思想和空想社会主义的妇女解放的主张等这些马克思主义产生以前的以及同时代的思想家关于妇女及妇女解放思想的相关论述也为马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想的产生积累了丰富的思想资源。唯物史观和剩余价值学说为马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想提供了坚实的理论基础。从唯物史观出发,马克思恩格斯提出物质资料的生产与人自身的生产这两种生产之间的不平衡性导致了妇女遭遇奴役和压迫的境遇。从剩余价值学说的角度,“异化劳动”理论和“拜物教”理论解释了妇女是如何沦为“他者”的命运和地位。妇女不能依靠自己解放,妇女必须成为无产阶级的一员,通过消灭私有制及以此为基础的阶级压迫的方式实现性别解放,换而言之,妇女必须通过无产阶级的解放实现自身的解放。马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想具有丰富而深刻的内容。马克思恩格斯从现实的妇女出发,把妇女还原成现实的人,通过对妇女不同的角色定位的分析,指出妇女必须参与社会公共劳动成为工人阶级的一份子,妇女的解放也必须依托无产阶级的力量实现。通过对妇女解放阶段目标和长远目标的论述,马克思恩格斯提出了包括经济、政治、文化和社会路径等四个方面在内的妇女解放的道路。这些论述也就是回答了“什么是妇女解放?”“为什么要进行妇女解放?”和“怎样实现妇女解放?”等基本问题,涵盖了身体、政治、经济、文化和社会等内在统一的五个方面。马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想以其实践性、科学性和革命性等特征影响着当代中国和当代西方女性主义思潮,为中国共产党妇女解放事业的理论、实践和制度创新提供了理论支持,成为马克思主义妇女理论中国化的理论源泉,有力指导了中国妇女解放运动的发展,奠定了中国特色社会主义妇女理论与实践的基石。同时,在与西方女性主义思潮的交融和交锋中,马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想被各种女性主义流派不同程度地吸取、继承和发展。改革开放30多年来,我国妇女事业取得了举世瞩目的成就,但也存在着一些问题,究其原因,封建落后思想的残存和消费主义的误导仍为妇女解放的主要阻滞因素。马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想对于唤醒妇女解放的主体意识和自我解放意识,推动妇女基本权益的法律保障和完善,加快妇女的政治参与,促进妇女的经济解放和独立等方面的现实指导作用是积极有效的。在世界范围,全球妇女解放运动正在蓬勃发展,联合国等国际组织的积极推进促进了妇女解放进程的前进。尽管妇女解放运动是在社会历史条件完全不同的国家中实践,但归根结底仍然可以看到马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想的熠熠光辉。马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想开创了马克思主义的妇女理论,为马克思恩格斯同时代的妇女提供了斗争的思想武器,推动了资本主义妇女解放事业的发展。同时,马克思恩格斯妇女解放思想与人的自由全面发展思想紧密相连,是其重要的视角和组成部分,也是马克思人学理论的深化和具体化,为人类社会的和谐健康发展提供了有利指导,是指导中国妇女解放的理论指南。
[Abstract]:Women's rights to equal political, economic and cultural equality with men are not only a matter of concern for women's movement, but also a major problem facing the whole human society. It is related to the free liberation of all human beings and the free and comprehensive development of each individual. Marx and Engels Ve's emancipation thought is an important component of the Marx theory. In part, it is also the theoretical source of Marx's thought of women's emancipation. With the successful practice of Marx's Emancipation in the socialist country and the self requirements of the development of western feminism, the ideas of women's solution in the classic works of Marx and Engels are being paid more and more attention to, excavated and studied. The scientific and revolutionary nature of the study shows the truth more and more.
Guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism, on the basis of the classic works of Marx and Engels and on the basis of absorbing and drawing on the existing theoretical achievements, this paper studies the social and historical conditions of the formation of Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought, the theoretical source and theoretical basis, the basic content and historical status, and the status of its basic content and historical status. On this basis, the contemporary value of Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought is discussed.
The emergence and development of Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought are inseparable from the emergence and development of Marx's doctrine. From the historical point of view, the era of the formation of Marx Engels's women's emancipation thought is the rising period of the European capitalist system. The establishment of the capitalist system and the development of the advanced productive forces, etc. Social psychological conditions, such as political and economic conditions and the rise of women's consciousness of emancipating the society, prepared the historical background for Marx and Engels's emancipation of women's emancipation thought. The appeal for the change in the status of women in the ancient Greek mythology, the humanistic thought of the enlightening thinkers, the thought of the people in the ancient German philosophy and the bourgeois democratic owners The ideas of the emancipation of women's emancipation and the idea of the emancipation of women in socialism and so on, such as the emergence of the former Marx doctrine and the contemporaries of the contemporaries on women and women's emancipation, have also accumulated rich ideological resources for the emergence of Marx Engels's women's emancipation thought.
The materialist conception of history and the theory of surplus value provide a solid theoretical basis for Marx and Engels's emancipation of women. From the materialist view of history, Marx and Engels proposed that the imbalance between the production of material material and the production of man's own production led to the situation of slavery and oppression by women. From the theory of surplus value, Marx and Engels The theory of alienation labor and the theory of "fetishism" explain how women are reduced to the fate and status of the "other". Women cannot rely on their own liberation, women must become a member of the proletariat, and achieve gender emancipation through the elimination of private ownership and on the basis of class oppression. In other words, women must pass. To emancipate the proletariat to emancipate itself.
Marx and Engels's emancipation of women has a rich and profound content. Marx and Engels, starting from the reality of women, put women into reality. Through the analysis of the different roles of women, it is pointed out that women must participate in social and public labor as part of the working class, and the liberation of women must rely on NO production order. Through the discussion of the goals and long-term goals of the women's Liberation stage, Marx and Engels put forward the way of women's Liberation in four aspects, including economic, political, cultural and social paths. These are the answers to "what is women's liberation?" "why do women emancipate them?" and "what is it?" The basic problems of women's Liberation include five aspects: body, politics, economy, culture and society.
Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought influenced the contemporary Chinese and contemporary western feminism with the characteristics of reality, science and revolution, which provided theoretical support for the theory, practice and system innovation of the cause of the liberation of the Communist Party of China, and became a theoretical source of the Chinese theory of the Marx's theory of women. The development of the Chinese women's liberation movement has laid the foundation for the theory and practice of the Chinese characteristic socialist women. At the same time, in the blend and confrontation with the western feminism, Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought was absorbed and developed by various feminist schools in varying degrees.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's women's cause has made remarkable achievements, but there are also some problems. The reason is that the remnants of feudalism and the misleading of consumerism are still the main block factors for women's emancipation. Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought is the main consciousness and self emancipation of women's liberation. Understanding, promoting the legal protection and improvement of women's basic rights and interests, accelerating the political participation of women, promoting women's economic emancipation and independence, are active and effective. In the world, the global women's liberation movement is booming, and the active promotion of the United Nations and other international organizations has promoted the advancement of the women's liberation process. Although the women's liberation movement is practiced in a country with completely different social and historical conditions, it is still in the final analysis that Marx and Engels's emancipation of women's emancipation thought is still glittering.
Marx and Engels's women's emancipation thought opened up the Marx's theory of women, provided the ideological weapon for the women of Marx Engels in the same time, and promoted the development of the cause of the liberation of the capitalist women. At the same time, Marx Engels's emancipation thought was closely connected with the idea of human free and comprehensive development. The perspectives and components are also the deepening and concreting of Marx's theory of human studies. It provides a favorable guidance for the harmonious and healthy development of human society, and is the theoretical guide to guide the liberation of women in China.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811;D440

【参考文献】