建国初期上海城市群众工作研究（1949-1956）

发布时间：2018-05-10 17:15

  本文选题：建国初期 + 上海城市　； 参考：《上海大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：近代以来,上海因为商业的兴盛逐渐发展为远东地区最为现代化的城市,也曾被中共看作“罪恶的都市”与“革命的堡垒”1的集合体。建国初期政权新建之时,中共以执政党身份在国内城市人口最多、社会成分最为多样、工商业最为兴盛的上海,开展了面向社会各阶层群众的统战、宣传和组织等方面的工作,最终成功地完成了新民主主义的革命任务,实现了向社会主义社会的顺利过渡,赢得了社会各界群众对中共执政地位合法性的支持。本文从历史视角厘清在建国初期特殊的国情背景下,面对上海这样一座特别的城市,党的群众工作经历了从重构、整顿到巩固的特殊发展阶段,针对不同阶层采取了统战、组织、宣传等体现中国特色的工作路径,为现时代中共以执政党身份在特大型城市贯彻具有中国特色的群众路线提供历史借鉴。导言指出在近代中国半殖民地半封建性的特殊历史背景下,群众的主体意识逐渐觉醒,成为国内各政党的执政根基和争取对象,党群关系的好坏更是左右了政权更替。上海作为近代中国的工商业中心,社会结构错综复杂、群众思想异质多元,是考验执政党治理能力的重要场域;建国初期,中共以执政党身份在这样一座特别城市贯彻具有中国特色的群众路线对党在当今复杂的国内外形势下密切党群关系有重要的借鉴作用。第一章论述建国初期上海群众工作的缘起。首先,本章从马克思主义群众观视角阐释群众路线及群众工作是中共将马克思主义理论与中国特殊革命历史实践活动相结合的产物,群众工作是中共针对不同对象开展宣传、组织、教育等实践活动,是贯彻具有中国特色群众路线的具体表现。其次,中共开展群众工作经历了从大革命时期、土地革命时期、抗日战争时期到解放战争时期等不同发展阶段逐步走向成熟,由于不同历史时期的时代背景、对象、方式存在差异,为形成具有中国特色的群众路线理论奠定了基础。再次,近代上海城市人口结构、社会阶层、治理方式鲜明体现了旧中国城市半殖民地半封建性特征;中共在建国初期将马克思主义群众路线理论与上海城市的特殊实际情况结合,重新确立上海发展方向,这必然要求党的群众工作从上海实际情况出发,走具有中国特色的群众路线道路,是马克思主义群众路线理论成功运用于大城市实际情况的典范。第二章分析建国初期上海群众工作从重建到强化阶段的不同特征。首先,中共接管上海后,面临原国民党政权与群众关系疏远的不利局面,为争取各阶层群众支持,中共根据城市实际情况整顿纪律,以恢复生产为核心贯彻党的群众路线原则有序接管城市政权,探索构建新型党群关系途径;其次,面对建国初期上海市民复杂的社会心态,中共动员“单位”与“非单位”群众开展“抗美援朝爱国运动”,加强对社会各界群众的爱国主义教育,巩固了城市政权的合法化地位,体现了特殊时代环境下新型党群关系;再次,为了实现从新民主主义社会向社会主义社会的过渡,中共根据上海私营工商者集中、利益关系复杂的格局,以多种方式动员公私合营,强化了在工商界的群众基础。第三章从实践角度分析对各阶层群众开展的统战、组织和宣传工作。本章分析中共与旧职员、民主人士、工商业者等群体的合作方式,认为统战政策是党在特殊时代环境中联系群众的重要手段,是党的群众路线在工商界灵活运用的体现;同时,宣传教育作为改造群众思想的重要手段,中共通过“反投机运动”、“镇反运动”教育社会各阶层群众,并借助报纸、图书馆等宣传载体加强思想渗透,增强了党群之间的信任关系;在此基础上,中共发挥人民代表会议、工会、工商联合会等群团组织的协助作用,将社会各阶层群众纳入组织体系,为联系群众提供了多样化渠道。由此可见,中共在上海城市采取了立体化、全方位的工作方法,是党的群众路线理论在城市实际工作中的体现。第四章分析群众工作的制度建设。稳定的宣传、组织工作制度有利于城市政权的巩固;为了转变宣传工作薄弱的局面,中共根据上海工商企业众多的实际情况,以单位为主要对象进行宣传网制度建设,在基层培养联系群众的宣传员,强化了宣传教育在群众中的作用。同时,针对党与上海无组织里弄群众之间的松散关系,中共领导各里弄居民建设自治性组织制度,在服务居民生活的同时承担了组织、教育居民的责任,是特殊时空环境下中共在城市市民生活空间贯彻党的群众路线的有益尝试。第五章考察上海城市群众工作的动因及效果。本章从执政党与群众关系角度分析建国初期上海城市贯彻党的群众路线过程中取得的历史成就,认为中共结合城市实际情况贯彻党的群众路线方针,形成了符合当时上海特殊时代背景下的群众工作方法,是中国特色社会主义道路的重要组成部分;然而,简单粗暴的工作作风容易导致党群关系紧张,是现时代党的群众工作引以为鉴的地方。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, Shanghai has gradually developed into the most modern city in the Far East because of the prosperity of Commerce. It was also regarded as the combination of the "evil city" and "the fortress of the revolution" by the Communist Party of China. When the regime was newly built in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Communist Party of Shanghai was the most populous in the domestic cities, the most diverse social components and the most popular industry and commerce. Shanghai, which has carried out the work of united front, propaganda and organization for the masses of all social strata, completed the new democratic revolutionary task successfully, realized the smooth transition to the socialist society, and won the support of the masses of all walks of life on the legal status of the ruling status of the Communist Party of China. This article clarifies the founding of the people's Republic of China from the historical perspective. Under the special conditions of the country, in the face of a special city like Shanghai, the mass work of the party has gone through the reconstruction, rectifying and consolidating the special development stage, taking the United Front, organizing and propagating the work path of Chinese characteristics for different classes, and carrying out the Chinese Communist Party as the ruling party in the large city. Under the special historical background of the semi colonial and semi feudal history of modern China, the introduction points out that the subjective consciousness of the masses has gradually awakened, and has become the ruling foundation and the object for the political parties in China. The relationship between the party and the masses is more or less the change of the political power. As the industrial and commercial center of modern China, Shanghai is the industrial and commercial center of modern China, In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China, with the status of the ruling party in such a special city, has an important reference to the party's close relationship between the party and the masses under the complex domestic and foreign situation. The origin of the mass work in Shanghai in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. First, this chapter explains that the mass line and the mass work are the product of the combination of the Communist Party of China and the practice of the special revolutionary history of China from the view of Marx's mass view. The work of the masses is the practice of propaganda, organization and education for different objects by the Communist Party of China. Secondly, the Communist Party of China carried out mass work through the great revolution, the period of the land revolution, the period of the war of resistance against Japan and the period of the liberation war. Again, the urban population structure, social stratum and the way of governance in modern Shanghai clearly reflect the semi colonial and semi feudal characteristics of the old Chinese cities; the Communist Party of China combined the Marx theory of mass line with the special actual situation of Shanghai in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and reestablished the direction of Shanghai's development, which must be reestablished. It requires the party's mass work to start from the actual situation in Shanghai and take the road of mass line with Chinese characteristics. It is a model for the successful application of Marx's theory of mass line to the actual situation of the big cities. The second chapter analyses the different characteristics of the mass work of Shanghai from the reconstruction to the strengthening stage in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. First, after the Communist Party of China took over Shanghai, the surface of the Communist Party of China was taken over. Facing the unfavorable situation of the distant relationship between the Kuomintang regime and the masses, in order to strive for the support of the various strata, the Communist Party of China rectified discipline according to the actual situation of the city, resumed the production as the core to carry out the party's mass line principle and took over the urban regime orderly, and explored the way of building a new type of Party and group relations. Secondly, the complex society of Shanghai citizens in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the state of mind, the Communist Party of China mobilized "units" and "non units" to carry out "patriotic movement for anti American aggression and aid Korea", strengthen patriotism education for all the people of all walks of life, consolidate the legal status of the Urban regime, and embody the new Party group relations under the special times environment, and again, to realize from the new democratic society to the socialist society. In the third chapter, the third chapter analyzes the United Front, the organization and the propaganda work of the masses of all strata from the practical point of view. This chapter analyzes the group and the old staff, the democratic personages, the industry and Commerce and so on. The way of cooperation of the body is that the united front policy is an important means of connecting the masses with the masses in the special time environment and the embodiment of the flexible use of the mass line of the party in the industrial and commercial circles. At the same time, as an important means to remould the mass thought, the Communist Party of China has educated the masses of all social strata by "anti speculative movement" and "anti movement". The propaganda carrier, such as newspapers and libraries, strengthen the Ideological Penetration and enhance the trust relationship between the party and the masses. On this basis, the Communist Party of China plays the role of the people's Congress, the union, the Federation of industry and Commerce and other groups of organizations, bringing the masses of the society into the organizational system and providing a variety of channels to contact the masses. Thus, the Communist Party of China is in Shanghai. The city has taken a three-dimensional and omni-directional working method, which is the embodiment of the party's mass line theory in the actual work of the city. The fourth chapter analyzes the system construction of the mass work. The stable propaganda, the organization work system is conducive to the consolidation of the Urban regime; in order to change the thin and weak situation of the propaganda work, the Communist Party of China is based on the numerous industrial and commercial enterprises in Shanghai. In fact, the construction of the publicity network system is carried out by the unit as the main object, the propagandist who trains the masses at the grass-roots level has strengthened the role of propaganda and education in the masses. At the same time, in view of the loose relations between the party and the unorganized people in Shanghai, the Communist Party of China leads the residents of each dweller to build an autonomous organization system and serves the lives of the residents in the same way. It is a useful attempt to carry out the organization and educate the residents in the special time and space environment to carry out the party's mass line in the urban residents' living space. The fifth chapter examines the motivation and effect of the mass work in Shanghai city. This chapter analyzes the process of carrying out the party's mass line from the angle of the ruling party and the masses in the initial period of the founding of the people's Republic of China in the process of carrying out the party's mass line. The historical achievement has been achieved. It is believed that the Communist Party of China combined with the actual situation of the city to carry out the party's principle of mass line, forming a mass work method which conforms to the special era of Shanghai, and is an important part of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. However, the simple and rough work wind easily leads to the tension between the party and the masses, and is the Party of the present times. A place where the work of the masses is taken as a mirror.

【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D232;D252
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本文编号：1870171