从中国事实看“东方专制论”的限度——兼对马克思恩格斯有关东方政治论断的辨析与补充

发布时间：2018-05-10 17:03

  本文选题：中国事实 + 东方　； 参考：《政治学研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：长期历史以来,西方一些学者将"东方"作为一个无差别的整体,并将东方国家政治都简单归之于"东方专制主义"概念框架之中。尽管这一观点受到理论批判,但仍然需要基于中国事实加以纠正。马克思恩格斯从政治与社会互动关系的角度,已注意到东方国家内部的经济社会基础是有差异的,并会对政治产生不同的反应。只是其囿于对事实的认识有限未能充分展开,甚至出现后人不恰当的运用而造成了政治偏见。通过大量的实地调查,我们发现,马克思恩格斯关于"东方专制主义"论断的两大基础——一是治水,一是村社,主要掌握的材料是印度等东方国家,而在遥远的中国有着自己的特点。除了国家治水以外,中国还存在大量自愿联合的基层治水。中国农村很早就超越村社制,以家户为农村基本组织单元。基层治水与家户制度不仅创造了丰富的农业文明,而且塑造了主动、积极的自主人格,使得基层社会内产生着活力与动力,并对国家政治产生积极影响。传统中国没有像其他东方国家陷入消极停滞奴役状态,即与此相关。
[Abstract]:Since the long history, some western scholars have regarded "the East" as an undifferentiated whole, and simply classified the eastern state politics to the framework of the concept of "Oriental despotism". Although this view is criticized by theory, it still needs to be corrected based on the fact of China. The angle of Marx and Engels's interaction between politics and society It has been noted that the economic and social bases within the eastern countries are different and have different responses to politics. Only because they are limited to the limited understanding of the facts, and even the inappropriate use of the future generations have caused political prejudice. Through a large number of field investigations, we found that Marx and Engels about "the East". The two basic foundations of the "despotism": one is water treatment, the other is the village community, the main material is the eastern countries such as India and other Eastern countries, but in the remote China it has its own characteristics. In addition to the national water treatment, there are a large number of voluntary joint grass-roots water treatment in China. Yuan. Grass-roots water management and household system not only created a rich agricultural civilization, but also created the initiative and positive independent personality, which made the grass-roots society generate vitality and power, and had a positive impact on the state politics. Traditional China did not fall into passive stagnation and slavery like other Eastern countries, that is to say, it is related to this.

【作者单位】： 华中师范大学中国农村研究院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“作为政策和理论依据的深度中国农村调查与研究”(16JJD810004)的研究成果
【分类号】：A81
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本文编号：1870137