马克思哲学的生态内蕴

发布时间：2018-05-27 18:54

本文选题：人与自然的关系 + 马克思　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：人与自然的关系是生态学研究的基本问题，更是马克思哲学始终贯彻的逻辑主线。通过梳理马克思哲学中的生态逻辑可以看出，马克思哲学与生态学具有内在相关性，能够为生态问题提供一个科学的知识框架和解释原则。马克思是对生态学进行哲学研究并对资本主义展开生态学批判的理论前驱和创始人。马克思的哲学唯物主义的自然观、人与自然的物质变换思想和社会与自然的辩证法，对作为整体的资本逻辑的批判以及对使用价值与交换价值之间矛盾的揭示，对未来共产主义社会生态可持续性的展望，为当代资本主义的生态批判和实现社会主义、共产主义社会的生态转型，都提供了一种哲学意义上的方法论基础。马克思哲学对生态问题的理解，展现出马克思哲学理论体系中深刻的生态逻辑、明晰的生态轨迹、辩证的生态方法和科学的生态理想。对马克思哲学的生态内蕴的强调，不是说马克思哲学能够具体地处理当今世界的生态危机，而是马克思的哲学生态学思想能够提供一种批判的精神，它能够把自然从资本主义造成的异化中解放出来，是一种把人与自然的关系问题置于人类现实实践和社会历史视野之中的辩证的生态的唯物主义。把马克思哲学嫁接到绿色理论中，或者用绿色理论来弥补马克思哲学的理论空场，这些简单的拼凑和合并都不是科学的马克思哲学研究方式。我们需要回到马克思自己的原初思想中，找寻马克思哲学唯物主义与生态问题的内在关联，理解马克思把生态问题的分析建立在对历史的理解基础之上，以及对资本主义进行的政治经济学批判具有的生态维度，按照马克思的逻辑思路去分析资本主义制度究竟是如何改变人类赖以生存的自然环境和物质条件的，从而在对资本逻辑进行生态批判的基础上提出共产主义的生态正义性。马克思哲学中的这种生态逻辑衔接说明，马克思确立了一种关于人与自然、自然与历史的唯物主义理解，同时，人与自然、自然与历史又实践地辩证地联系在一起，展现出马克思哲学对生态问题理解上的关系哲学立场。以历史唯物主义为解释原则，马克思将资本逻辑的生态批判、资本主义条件下使用价值和交换价值之间的矛盾与共产主义的生态可持续和生态正义性理念结合起来。可以看出，马克思哲学内在具有的生态意蕴，说明马克思创立了一种生态学的唯物主义，或者说马克思的哲学生态学，这不但是一种哲学观念，也是一种批判哲学，更是一种价值导向和正义境界。根据这种理论逻辑，我们可以明晰资本主义这种特定的生产方式内在具有的生态矛盾，并在社会与自然的交互运动和辩证交往中做出紧迫而正确的抉择，认识到人类社会生态地、辩证地、历史地植根于自然物质世界之中。从马克思哲学的内在逻辑来看，马克思哲学创立了一种新的唯物主义，即实践的和历史的唯物主义，以此为基础的自然观具有十分丰富的生态蕴含，它以实践或劳动为中介实现了对人与自然的生态关系的完美解决。得到恰当诠释的历史唯物主义能够为生态问题提供一个科学而规范的解释框架，社会与自然之间的辩证法和物质变换思想，立足于物质资料的生产方式来理解生态问题，这些都凸显了马克思哲学对生态问题理解的人类视角。马克思哲学本质上是一种类存在的哲学生态学，马克思哲学中的生产力概念和需要概念都可以实现生态可持续性，从而超越了生态中心主义和人类中心主义。马克思以其新唯物主义的哲学自然观为基础对资本主义进行了生态批判，，指明了资本主义的资本逻辑的逐利性、资本主义社会的异化和资本主义制度和生产方式的反生态本性。可以说，资本主义制度是造成生态危机的根源，要解决生态危机，必须批判资本逻辑，用生态理性代替经济理性，消灭资本主义制度。只有社会主义和共产主义才能够克服资本主义的反生态本性，实现社会发展和生态正义。资本主义是生态非正义的根源，用生产性正义代替分配性正义的共产主义才能实现生态正义，共产主义革命具有十分明确的生态指向。构建马克思的哲学生态学，它代表着马克思哲学的当代新形态，体现着马克思哲学对于当代生态问题的深刻理解。马克思哲学的生态学方法能够让我们更加科学地把握人与自然、历史与自然、社会与自然之间的辩证矛盾关系，这对于理解我们这个时代的生态问题具有十分重要的价值和意义。
[Abstract]:The relationship between man and nature is the basic problem in the study of ecology and the logical main line of Marx's philosophy. By combing the Ecological Logic in Marx's philosophy, it can be seen that Marx's philosophy and ecology have intrinsic correlation, and can provide a knowledge framework and interpretation principle for ecological problems. Marx is a student of life. The theoretical predecessor and founder of the philosophy of ecology and the Ecological Critique of capitalism.
Marx's philosophical materialist view of nature, the thought of material transformation between man and nature and the dialectics of society and nature, the criticism of the capital logic as a whole and the revelation of the contradiction between the value of use and the value of exchange, the prospect of the ecological sustainability of the Communist society in the future, and the ecological criticism of the contemporary capitalism and the ecological criticism of the contemporary capitalism. The realization of socialism and the ecological transformation of Communist society provide a philosophical basis for methodology. The understanding of the ecological problems by Marx's philosophy shows the profound ecological logic in the system of Marx's philosophical theory, the clear ecological path, the dialectical ecological method and the scientific ecological ideal. The birth of Marx's philosophy. The emphasis of the state of state is not to say that Marx's philosophy can deal with the ecological crisis of the present world, but that Marx's philosophical ecology can provide a critical spirit. It can liberate nature from the alienation caused by capitalism, and put the relationship between man and nature in the practical practice and society of human beings. Dialectical ecological materialism in the historical perspective.
To graft Marx's philosophy into the green theory, or to make up the theoretical empty field of Marx's philosophy with the green theory, these simple piecing together and merging are not the scientific research ways of Marx's philosophy. We need to go back to Marx's own original thought and find the inner connection between Marx's philosophical materialism and the ecological problem. Marx's analysis of ecological problems is based on the understanding of history, as well as the ecological dimension of the political economic criticism of capitalism. According to Marx's logical idea, the paper analyzes how the capitalist system changes the self environment and material conditions of human existence, and thus the capital is on the capital. On the basis of the ecological criticism of logic, the ecological justice of communism is put forward. This eco logical connection in Marx's philosophy shows that Marx has established a materialist understanding of man and nature, nature and history, and the dialectical relationship between man and nature, nature and history, showing Marx's philosophy. The philosophical standpoint of the understanding of ecological problems. With historical materialism as the interpretation principle, Marx combines the ecological criticism of capital logic, the contradiction between the use value and the exchange value under capitalist conditions and the concept of ecological sustainability and ecological justice of communism. It can be seen that Marx's philosophy is inherent. The ecological implication shows that Marx created an ecological materialism or Marx's philosophical ecology, which is not only a philosophical concept, but also a kind of critical philosophy, but also a value orientation and a realm of justice. According to this theoretical logic, we can clearly define the inherent mode of production of capitalism. The ecological contradictions, and make urgent and correct choices in the interaction and dialectical contacts between society and nature, and realize the ecological, dialectical and historical roots of the human society in the natural material world.
From the internal logic of Marx's philosophy, Marx's philosophy has created a new materialism, the practical and historical materialism, which is based on a very rich ecological implication. It realizes the perfect settlement of the relationship between man and nature by practice or labor as a medium. Materialism can provide a scientific and standardized interpretation framework for ecological problems, the dialectical and material transformation thought between society and nature, and the understanding of ecological problems based on the production mode of material materials. These all highlight the human perspective of Marx's philosophy on ecological problems. Marx philosophy is essentially a kind of existence. In the philosophical ecology of philosophy, the concept of productivity and the concept of demand in Marx's philosophy can achieve ecological sustainability, which transcends ecoccentrism and anthropocentrism. Marx criticizes capitalism on the basis of his new materialist philosophy of nature, pointing out the capital logic of capitalism. It can be said that the capitalist system is the root of the ecological crisis. In order to solve the ecological crisis, it is necessary to criticize the logic of capital, replace the economic rationality with the ecological rationality, and eliminate the capitalistic system. Only socialism and communism can be the only one. Take the anti ecological nature of capitalism to realize social development and ecological justice. Capitalism is the root of ecological injustice, and communism with productive justice instead of distributive justice can realize ecological justice. The Communist revolution has a very clear ecological direction. Marx's philosophical ecology is constructed, which represents Marx's philosophy. The modern new form of learning embodies the profound understanding of Marx's philosophy for contemporary ecological problems. The ecological methods of Marx's philosophy can make us more scientifically grasp the dialectical contradiction between man and nature, history and nature, society and nature, which is very important for understanding the ecological problems of our time. Value and meaning.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811

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