马克思功利思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 01:31

本文选题：功利 + 马克思功利思想　；参考：《燕山大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今，正处于大变革中的中国的意识形态和价值观，呈现出价值共识与价值多元并存的特点；中国的传统价值观受到了西方发达国家个人主义、自由主义以及功利主义等价值观念的冲击，在这种复杂的环境下，研究马克思功利思想显得益发有意义。本论文研究的目的在于通过分析马克思思想中的第一价值来说明马克思功利思想的真正内涵和原则，进而确立我们应该遵循的价值原则。课题研究采用了对比分析、归纳和演绎相结合等研究方法，，通过与密尔的功利主义相比较，分析总结了马克功利思想的形成过程、基本的价值原则以及马克思功利思想的内涵并进一步阐释了马克思功利思想对当代的影响。与功利主义单纯从人的自然性出发以“趋乐避苦”为价值判断标准不同，马克思功利思想是在借鉴了经验主义、自由主义以及功利主义中合理的成分后从人的双重性出发，提出了人的本质这一概念；并且把自由（作为自我决定）、人类共同体和自我实现作为首要价值。在此基础上阐释了正义要由自由（作为自我的决定）、人类共同体和自我实现为其辩护，而不是由制度本身得到自明，这从根本上否定了功利主义为资本主义社会辩护的正义性，并进一步主张消除“异化”，否定物质生产与物质占有的对立，提倡尽最大可能满足社会全体成员的利益要求。在实现人类整体福利的方法上马克思则强调通过革命的手段来实现，他认为物质只能靠物质的力量来消除，而革命的依靠力量则是无产阶级；在个人与社会利益的关系上马克思主张用集体主义来规范人的行为，最终实现人的解放。
[Abstract]:Today, China's ideology and values, which are undergoing great transformation, are characterized by the coexistence of value consensus and value pluralism, and Chinese traditional values are subject to individualism in western developed countries. With the impact of liberalism and utilitarianism, it is more and more meaningful to study Marx's utilitarian thought in this complicated environment. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the real connotation and principle of Marx's utilitarian thought by analyzing the first value in Marx's thought, and then to establish the value principle that we should follow. The research uses comparative analysis, inductive and deductive research methods, through comparing with Mill's utilitarianism, it analyzes and summarizes the forming process of Mark's utilitarian thought. The basic value principle and the connotation of Marx's utilitarian thought and further explain the influence of Marx's utilitarian thought on the contemporary. Different from utilitarianism, which is based solely on the nature of man, Marx's utilitarian thought is based on the duality of man after drawing lessons from empiricism, liberalism and reasonable elements of utilitarianism. This paper puts forward the concept of human nature and regards freedom (as self-determination, human community and self-actualization) as the primary value. On this basis, it explains that justice should be defended by freedom (as the decision of the self, the human community and self-realization, rather than by the system itself), which fundamentally negates the justice of utilitarianism in defending capitalist society. It also advocates to eliminate "alienation", negate the opposition between material production and material possession, and advocate that the interests of all members of society should be satisfied as far as possible. Marx emphasized the method of realizing the whole welfare of human being by means of revolution. He thought that matter can only be eliminated by material force, while revolutionary power is proletariat. In the relationship between individual and social interests, Marx advocated collectivism to regulate human behavior and finally realize human liberation.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

【参考文献】