马克思恩格斯制度思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 08:12

  本文选题：马克思恩格斯 + 制度思想　； 参考：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：迄今人类史上所有的社会形态,均以制度的不同而显现出发展水平的差异。在社会主义制度之前,人类史上所有的社会制度,均拥有一段推动社会进步的辉煌历史,并在此后迎来必然的衰落与变迁,进而步入更为高级的发展阶段。对于这些现象,马克思和恩格斯以唯物史观的视野展开了对人类社会制度发展的分析与研究,对社会制度的含义、构成、作用以及产生、发展、变迁等方面进行了深入的考察,在研读大量史料、吸收并扬弃了欧洲先贤与同时代其他学者的思想之后,形成了属于他们自己的具有独创性的制度思想。国内外学术界对于马克思恩格斯制度思想的研究取得了较为丰富的学术成果,但对于这一思想的内涵探究以及制度变迁思想等方面尚存不同意见。本文对马克思和恩格斯的制度思想进行了系统的研究,并结合马克思和恩格斯的思想理论创立与发展的历史背景,以及两位伟人的著作和当代学者们的理论成果,对马克思和恩格斯的制度思想进行了深入地整理与发掘,力图把马克思恩格斯制度思想的全貌展现出来。与此同时,也结合了对这一思想的新认识,适时适度地表达了对制度问题的新思考。本文共分为六章:第一章,绪论。阐明了论文的选题缘起及意义、国内外研究现状、研究思路与方法、论文的创新与不足。第二章,马克思恩格斯制度思想的产生与发展。主要论述了马克思恩格斯制度思想的产生背景、理论基础及发展过程。马克思和恩格斯生活的年代,资本主义制度正在欧洲获得广泛的确立与发展,尽管大幅度地推进了社会生产力,但由于其自身不可调和的矛盾,使该制度的致命缺陷日益明显地暴露出来。在这一时代背景下,青年马克思和恩格斯在批判地继承霍布斯、洛克和卢梭的社会契约论、黑格尔的市民社会与国家理论、费尔巴哈的人的本质的思想基础上,实现了对这些思想家的理论与思想的超越,并通过协力探索最终形成了他们自己的制度思想。第三章,马克思恩格斯对制度的界定及研究制度的方法。主要阐释了马克思和恩格斯对制度的基本界定。通过对制度一词进行词源学的考察以及西方学者对制度的认识,归纳出制度的通常定义,即特定社会的规则和规范系统。相比之下,马克思与恩格斯实际上是将制度看作为一个具有两个层次的系统:处于第一个层次的是居基础地位的经济制度,它的性质决定整个社会制度系统的性质;处于第二个层次的则是社会上层建筑中的政治制度、法律制度与意识形态,它们的存在将维护经济制度性质的稳定。以马克思和恩格斯对制度的定义为基础,进一步揭示了制度的本质与特性,探析了制度的结构与作用。马克思和恩格斯对于制度的研究,采用的是一种从人与自然的关系入手、引入生产实践与交往实践的概念、厘清个人与整体之间的辩证关系、进而将宏观与微观相结合的研究方法,即制度整体主义研究方法。第四章,马克思恩格斯的制度变迁思想。首先阐述人在制度变迁中所起到的主体性作用;之后从两个角度揭示制度变迁的动力:一个是作为根本推进力的生产力与生产关系之间的矛盾运动,另一个是作为直接推动力的社会利益关系的变更需求。除此之外,推动社会制度变迁的还有诸多非经济因素的作用。有关制度变迁的路径,马克思和恩格斯指出了革命与改革两种基本路径:前者是指改变旧制度创立新制度;后者是指对现有制度的不断完善。同时强调,在选择了一定路径的前提下,制度变迁主体还需根据实际情况采取不同的具体策略,以保证这一路径下制度变迁进程的顺利展开。总之,无论是路径还是策略,变迁主体都必须从实际出发,做出符合历史规律的选择。第五章,马克思恩格斯的制度伦理思想。以马克思主义唯物史观为理论出发点,结合马克思和恩格斯的相关文本,本章将从“制度与人的实践”、“制度与人的道德”、“制度与人的自由”三个层面分别阐述马克思恩格斯制度伦理思想的主要内涵。在这一部分中,重点要将“制度是人的制度”、“道德是制度的道德”、“人创造制度的目标是追求自由与解放”的观点通过对上述三个层面的论述表现出来。第六章,马克思恩格斯制度思想的历史价值与面临的挑战。通过阐明马克思恩格斯制度思想在历史上的价值与面临的挑战以及在应对挑战中获得的新发展,得出马克思恩格斯制度思想在“社会主义国家的制度革命”、“社会主义国家的制度建设”、“社会主义国家的制度改革”等具体的制度实践当中所起到的方法论指导作用,表明社会主义中国在当代贯彻马克思恩格斯制度思想的必要性与重要性。本章的重点在于强调,尽管面临诸多的挑战,但马克思和恩格斯的制度思想通过在俄国、中国等社会主义国家的制度变迁与制度建设实践发挥重大的指导性作用,捍卫了自身的真理性。同时,作为社会主义国家制度建设与改革的理论依据,马克思恩格斯制度思想在伟大践行者的手中获得了进一步的发展,印证了其与时俱进的理论品质。论文的创新点,主要体现在如下四方面:一是将马克思和恩格斯对制度的理解同古代的文献与西方学者的观点进行了比较,以此为基础,对马克思恩格斯制度思想中制度的定义进行了重新的归纳与总结,并对马克思和恩格斯对制度的本质、特征、结构、作用的理解进行了重新认识与阐述。二是在全面阐释马克思和恩格斯对于制度变迁主体与制度变迁动力的基础上,系统地论述了两位伟人对于制度变迁路径的基本观点,并对在既定的路径下选择何种具体的策略进行了深入的探讨。三是梳理与研究了马克思恩格斯制度思想中制度伦理思想的主要内容,并以马克思和恩格斯的文本为依据,从制度与人的实践、制度与人的道德、制度与人的自由三个角度对该思想的内容进行了富有层次的阐述。四是深入探讨了马克思恩格斯制度思想的历史价值与重要影响,同时对这一思想所受到的理论挑战进行了较为详尽的论述,并对当代马克思主义者在具体实践中通过应对理论挑战而使马克思恩格斯制度思想不断获得创新发展进行了探究。
[Abstract]:All the social forms in the history of human history have shown the difference in the level of development by the different systems. Before the socialist system, all social systems in the history of human history have a glorious history to promote social progress, and then usher in the inevitable decline and change, and then step into a more advanced stage of development. Some phenomena, Marx and Engels carried out an analysis and Research on the development of human social system in the view of historical materialism, and carried out a thorough investigation on the meaning, composition, function, production, development and change of the social system, read a lot of historical data, absorbed and abandoned the thoughts of the European sages and the other scholars of the same time. It has formed the original system thought of their own. The academic circles at home and abroad have made more abundant academic achievements on the study of Marx and Engels system thought, but there are still different opinions on the connotation exploration of this thought and the ideology of institutional change. The system thought of Marx and Engels is entered in this paper. On the basis of the study of the system and the historical background of the ideological and theoretical creation and development of Marx and Engels, as well as the works of the two great men and the theoretical achievements of contemporary scholars, the system thought of Marx and Engels is thoroughly sorted and excavated to show the full appearance of Marx Engels system thought. At the same time, it also combines the new understanding of this idea and expresses the new thinking of the system in a timely manner. This article is divided into six chapters: Chapter 1, introduction. It clarifies the origin and significance of the topic, the present situation at home and abroad, the research ideas and methods, the innovation and deficiency of the thesis. The second chapter, the emergence of Marx's Engels system thought. Development. It mainly discusses the background, theoretical basis and development process of Marx and Engels system thought. The era of Marx and Engels's life, the capitalist system is gaining extensive establishment and development in Europe, although the social productive forces are greatly promoted, but the system is fatal because of its own irreconcilable contradictions. In this era, young Marx and Engels, on the basis of the critical inheritance of Hobbes, Rock and Rousseau's social contract theory, Hagel's civil society and state theory and the essence of Feuerbach, realized the transcendence of the thinkers' theories and ideas. The third chapter, the third chapter, the definition of Marx and Engels's system and the method of studying the system, mainly explains the basic definition of the system by Marx and Engels. Through the study of the etymology of the word system and the understanding of the western scholars on the system, the general definition of the system is summed up. In contrast, Marx and Engels actually look at the system as a system of two levels: the first level is a basic economic system, its nature determines the quality of the whole social system; the second level is the superstructure of the society. In the political system, the legal system and the ideology, their existence will maintain the stability of the nature of the economic system. Based on the definition of the system by Marx and Engels, the essence and characteristics of the system are further revealed and the structure and function of the system are explored. The research on the system by Marx and Engels is a kind of people and the system. Starting with the relationship of nature, the concept of production practice and communication practice is introduced to clarify the dialectical relationship between individuals and the whole, and then the research method of combining macro and micro, namely, the research method of institutional holism. The fourth chapter, Marx Engels's thought of institutional change. Then it reveals the motive force of institutional change from two angles: one is the contradiction between productivity and production relations as a fundamental propelling force, and the other is the change demand of social interests as a direct driving force. In addition, there are many non economic factors to promote the social system changes. The path, Marx and Engels pointed out two basic ways of revolution and Reform: the former means to change the old system to create a new system; the latter refers to the continuous improvement of the existing system. At the same time, under the premise of choosing a certain path, the subject of institutional change needs to take different concrete strategies according to the actual situation, in order to guarantee this way. In the fifth chapter, the fifth chapter, the institutional ethics thought of Marx and Engels, based on the theory of Marx's historical materialism and the relevant texts of Marx and Engels, will be the chapter of this chapter. From three aspects of "system and man's practice", "system and man's morality", "system and man's freedom", the main connotation of Marx and Engels's system ethics is expounded respectively. In this part, the emphasis should be on "the system is human system", "morality is the moral of the system", "the goal of human creation system is freedom and the pursuit of freedom." The view of emancipation "is manifested through the discussion of the above three levels. The sixth chapter, the historical value of Marx Engels system thought and the challenge facing it. By clarifying the historical value and challenge of Marx Engels system thought and the new development in the challenge, the Marx Engels system thought is drawn." It is necessary and important for the socialist China to carry out the thought of Marx Engels in the contemporary period of "institutional revolution of socialist state", "system construction of socialist state", "system reform of socialist state" and other concrete system practice. In spite of many challenges, Marx and Engels have played an important guiding role in the institutional change and system construction practice of socialist countries such as Russia, China and other socialist countries, defending their own truth. At the same time, Max Don is the theoretical basis for the construction and reform of the socialist state system, Max Don. The idea of Gus system has been further developed in the hands of the great practitioners, and its theoretical quality is confirmed. The innovation of the thesis is mainly embodied in the following four aspects: one is to compare the understanding of Marx and Engels to the ancient literature with the views of the western scholars, on the basis of which, to Marx The definition of system in Engels's system thought is reinduction and summary, and the understanding of Marx and Engels's understanding of the essence, characteristics, structure and function of the system is re understood. Two is a systematic exposition of Marx and Engels on the basis of the main body of institutional change and the dynamic of institutional change. The basic views of the two great men on the path of institutional change, and the in-depth discussion of what specific strategies to choose under the established path. Three, the main contents of the system ethics thought in Marx and Engels system thought were combed and studied, and the system and human practice and system were based on the text of Marx and Engels. Three aspects of human morality, system and man's freedom are elaborated on the content of the thought. Four, the historical value and important influence of Marx Engels system thought are deeply discussed, and the theoretical challenge of this thought is discussed in detail, and the contemporary Marx doctrine is specific. In practice, Marx and Engels's system thought was constantly explored and innovating by coping with theoretical challenges.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811
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本文编号：2008998