马克思《1844年经济学—哲学手稿》的共产主义思想论析

发布时间：2018-06-12 11:36

本文选题：共产主义思想 + 人的解放　；参考：《兰州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思共产主义思想贯穿了马克思的哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义,是马克思思想的缘起,也是马克思思想的最终归宿,因此对它的研究在马克思思想的研究中占有重要地位。马克思的共产主义思想是一个思想发展过程的产物,本文试图以《1844年经济学-哲学手稿》为文本依据来研究青年马克思的共产主义思想。本文从四个方面对马克思在《1844年经济学-哲学手稿》中的共产主义思想进行论析,最终得出马克思共产主义思想的规定性,从而进一步澄明对共产主义思想的理解。马克思对共产主义思想的论证是以异化劳动和人的类本质为支柱,以私有财产的扬弃为中间环节,以共产主义为最终归宿的逻辑过程。马克思共产主义思想的致思取向是人的解放,是现实的人的实现,是人的类本质的现实性。由于人的实现是人通过人的劳动诞生的过程,因此形成了劳动和异化劳动以及私有财产之间的矛盾。这一切又都最终根源于人的对象性的生存方式。马克思的共产主义所指示的规定性是：在思想上,共产主义是把人和自然界看作本质的感性意识；在实践上,共产主义是人的解放和复原的一个现实过程的、对下一段历史发展来说是必然的环节,是人通过人的劳动而诞生的过程。马克思虽然此时世界观还没有发生根本性转变——实践的唯物主义,其思想仍然是在费尔巴哈人本主义影响下的共产主义,但是其论证共产主义思想的内容和方法已经具有实践唯物主义的端倪——企图通过关注现实的具体的人的异化的克服来实现人的类本质的现实性。而从《1844年经济学-哲学手稿》的共产主义思想本身来看,由于共产主义思想本身的二重性：思想所指向的对象是现实问题——工人的劳动异化,但是思想的目的是对现实问题的解决——对工人异化的批判和克服,共产主义作为二者的重合就要既立足于现实,又要超越现实。此时的马克思的共产主义我们要进行多面理解,它是价值理性和实践理性的结合,而共产主义的实现应当是一个合目的性与合规律性的统一的思想和实践过程。
[Abstract]:Marx's communist thought runs through Marx's philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism. It is the origin of Marx's thought and the ultimate destination of Marx's thought. Therefore, the study of it occupies an important position in the study of Marx's thought. Marx's communist thought is the product of an ideological development process. This paper attempts to study the communist thought of young Marx on the basis of the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844. This paper discusses and analyzes Marx's communist thought in the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844. Finally, the stipulation of Marx's communist thought was obtained, and the understanding of the communist thought was further clarified. Marx's argumentation of communism is a logical process in which alienation of labor and human nature is the pillar, sublation of private property is the intermediate link, and communism is the ultimate destination. The thought orientation of Marx's communist thought is the liberation of man, the realization of human being and the reality of human nature. Because the realization of human is the process of human being's birth through human labor, the contradiction between labor, alienated labor and private property is formed. All of these are ultimately rooted in the human object of the way of life. The prescriptions of Marx's communism are: ideologically, communism is the perceptual consciousness that regards man and nature as essential; in practice, communism is a realistic process of human liberation and restoration. For the next period of historical development is an inevitable link, is a human labor and the birth of the process. Although Marx did not have a fundamental change in his worldview at that time-practical materialism, his thought was still communism under the influence of Feuerbach humanism. However, the contents and methods of his argumentation of communist thought already have the clue of practical materialism-trying to realize the reality of human's class essence by paying attention to the reality of concrete human alienation. But from the view of the communist thought in the manuscript of Economics and philosophy of 1844, because of the duality of the communist thought itself: the object of the thought is the realistic problem-worker 's labor alienation, But the purpose of the thought is to solve the realistic problem-criticizing and overcoming the worker alienation, communism as the coincidence of the two should be based on reality and transcend reality. At this time, we should understand Marx's communism in many aspects, it is the combination of value rationality and practical rationality, and the realization of communism should be a unified thought and practice process which conforms to the purpose and regularity.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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