马克思主义在中国传播和发展的文化基础研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 09:42

本文选题：马克思主义 + 传播和发展　；参考：《南开大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：作为外来文化的马克思主义经过传播发展,成为中国社会的主导思想,引领中国走上了既不同于经典马克思主义所描述的也不同于苏联模式的中国特色的社会主义道路。这一过程既是中国社会深刻的变革与转型的过程,也是文化的融合与重构的过程。于各种思潮之中,为何是马克思主义引领了中国的社会变革和文化重构?一方面是出于中国社会的需要,另一方面是马克思主义与中国文化具有某些方面的相通,中国存在马克思主义传播和发展的文化基础。可以说马克思主义作为一种正确的思想在正确的时间出现在中国的思想文化和政治领域。因此本文从马克思主义传入中国的社会背景着手,分析马克思主义传入中国的文化条件,进而从不同范畴讨论马克思主义与中国文化的相通,寻找马克思主义在中国传播的文化基础,使人们从理论高度对这一有着必然性的历史过程有更深刻的认识,在此基础上可以指导中国文化发展的具体实践。引言部分主要介绍了选题缘起和意义、研究综述、研究方法、创新与不足等。第一章是从中国社会文化转型的角度来研究马克思主义传播的时代背景与文化条件。一个社会必然要有主导的文化观念与价值体系,第一章首先分析中国原有的制度危机与儒学作为封建社会主导文化的衰落与终结,指出中国不仅需要社会制度的彻底变革,与之相伴也必须进行文化的转型与重构,这是外来文化传播的时代与文化契机。在此基础上分析西学东渐以来中国人以现代化为目标所走过的文化路径,最终把目光锁定于马克思主义。第二至第五章构成了论文的主体部分,分别从文化主体、理想社会观、民本思想、实践观和思维方式等几个范畴来讨论马克思主义与中国固有文化元素的相通性,明确马克思主义在中国传播发展的文化基础问题。第二章主要分析马克思主义传播的文化主体。知识分子群体是马克思主义在中国初期传播的文化主体,这是由中国知识分子的群体特点决定的；同时这一群体承担起了文化的启蒙者和传播的思想先锋的作用,在不同文化路径的论争中确立了马克思主义在中国社会文化变革中的主导地位；此外随着马克思主义的广泛传播,其文化传播主体必然要与阶级主体相统一,无产阶级是其深入发展的大众文化主体,通过他们的实践活动把马克思主义这一科学的理论变为变革现实的物质力量；这个过程中中国共产党作为领导力量起到了巨大的推动作用。第三章主要分析马克思主义在中国传播发展的文化心理基础,这种文化心理的具体表现就是中国文化中对大同社会这个社会理想的追寻。伴随着中国文化的发展,关于大同社会的文化理想经历了从建构到深化的过程,成为中国文化具有代表性的文化符号；近代以来这种文化诉求深刻影响着不同阶级对中国出路的探索和对理想社会的追求；最终无产阶级的文化理想统一在共产主义这一带有鲜明阶级选择性、科学性又能映射传统文化诉求的社会形态上,这一文化理想上的相通对马克思主义的传播是十分重要的。第四章分析马克思主义与中国传统文化中的民本思想的相通性。中国的传统的人本思想虽然具有阶级和时代的局限性,但是其对人的主体价值的肯定、对人民群众主体作用的认同建起了一座与马克思主义相通的桥梁,二者的相通之处在于对人的价值的认同,这是马克思主义传播发展的价值认同基础。第五章首先分析马克思主义的实践观与传统哲学的知行观的相通性,虽然中国传统哲学没有形成可与马克思主义实践观相比肩的理论体系,但是已形成与马克思主义实践观与认识论相对应的哲学范畴,在一些基本认识上也是相通的；然后分析中国哲学朴素的唯物论思想和辩证的思维方式与马克思主义的唯物主义和唯物辩证法的相通,虽然双方从科学性、系统性等诸方面不可同日而语,但也为马克思主义在中国的传播和发展提供了思维方式和行为方式的基础。结语部分首先对马克思主义作为外来文化与中国近代社会转型和革命需要相吻合、与中国传统文化的共通性进行总结,明确马克思主义传播和发展的社会的、文化的基础的过程实际上也是证明其合理性与必然性的过程。然后文中继续分析中国的社会文化的现实环境中存在的对马克思主义的进一步发展的不利因素,最终提出马克思主义在中国发展的途径问题。
[Abstract]:As a foreign culture, Marx's doctrine has become the leading thought of Chinese society through the spread and development, leading China to the socialist road which is different from the Chinese characteristic of the Soviet model, which is different from the classic Marx doctrine, which is different from the Soviet model. This process is not only a process of profound transformation and transformation of Chinese society, but also a cultural blend. In all kinds of ideological trend of thought, why is Marx's doctrine leading China's social change and cultural reconstruction? On the one hand, it is from the needs of Chinese society, on the other hand, there are some aspects of Marx's and Chinese culture, and the cultural foundation of the spread and development of Marx's doctrine in China. As a correct thought, Kyth's doctrine appears at the right time in the ideological and cultural and political fields in China. Therefore, this article begins with the introduction of the social background of Marx into China, analyzes the cultural conditions of Marx's introduction to China, and then discusses the interlinking of Marx's and Chinese culture from different categories to find Marx. The cultural foundation of the spread in China has made people more deeply aware of this historical process of necessity from the theoretical level, and on this basis can guide the concrete practice of the development of Chinese culture.
The introduction mainly introduces the origin and significance of the topic, the research review, the research method, the innovation and the deficiency. The first chapter is the study of the era background and cultural conditions of Marx's communication from the perspective of social and cultural transformation in China. A society must have a dominant cultural concept and value system. The first chapter is the first analysis of the original China. As the decline and end of the institutional crisis and Confucianism as the dominant culture of the feudal society, it is pointed out that China needs not only the thorough transformation of the social system, but also the transformation and reconstruction of culture. This is the time and cultural opportunity of the spread of foreign culture. On this basis, the Chinese people have been analyzing the modernization as the goal of the Chinese people since the western learning. The cultural path has finally locked its eyes on Marx doctrine.
The second to fifth chapters constitute the main part of the thesis, and discuss the interlinking of Marx's doctrine and the Chinese cultural elements from the cultural subject, the ideal social view, the people based idea, the practice view and the way of thinking, and clarify the cultural foundation of the spread and development of Marx doctrine in China. The second chapter mainly analyzes Marx. The cultural subject of the spread of the doctrine. The intellectual group is the cultural subject of the Marx doctrine in the early China, which is determined by the group characteristics of the Chinese intellectuals. At the same time, this group has played the role of the cultural enlightenment and the thought pioneer of communication, and established the Marx doctrine in the controversy of different literary paths. In addition, with the wide spread of Marx's doctrine, the main body of cultural communication must be unified with the class subject, and the proletariat is the mass cultural subject of its deep development. Through their practical activities, the theory of Marx doctrine is transformed into the material force of changing reality. In this process, the Communist Party of China has played a great role in promoting the leadership. The third chapter mainly analyzes the cultural and psychological basis of the spread and development of Marx's doctrine in China. The concrete manifestation of this cultural psychology is the pursuit of the social ideal of the Datong society in Chinese culture. The cultural ideal of society has gone through the process of construction and deepening, which has become the representative cultural symbol of Chinese culture. Since modern times, this cultural appeal has deeply influenced the exploration of different classes on China's way out and the pursuit of ideal society. In the social form that is selective and scientific and can map the demands of traditional culture, the interlinking of this cultural ideal is very important to the spread of Marx's doctrine. The fourth chapter analyzes the interconnection between Marx doctrine and the traditional Chinese traditional culture. It is the affirmation of the main body value of the people, and the identification of the role of the masses of the people has built a bridge with the Marx doctrine. The similarities between the two are the identification of the value of human beings. This is the basis of the value identification of the spread of Marx doctrine. The fifth chapter analyzes the practice view of Marx and the knowledge of the traditional philosophy. The interlinking of the view of practice, although Chinese traditional philosophy has not formed a theoretical system that can be compared with Marx's view of practice, it has formed a philosophical category corresponding to the theory of practice and epistemology of Marx, and it is also interlinked in some basic understandings; then it analyses the materialism and dialectical thinking of the plain of Chinese philosophy. The mode is connected with the materialism and materialist dialectics of Marx doctrine. Although both sides can not be the same day from the aspects of science and systematicness, it also provides the basis for the way of thinking and behavior for the spread and development of Marx doctrine in China.
In the concluding part, it is the first to make a conclusion of the Marx doctrine as a foreign culture and the needs of the modern Chinese social transformation and revolution, to sum up the commonality with the traditional Chinese culture, to make clear that the process of the spread and development of Marx doctrine and the foundation of culture is actually a process to prove its rationality and inevitability. This paper analyzes the negative factors of the further development of Marx doctrine in the realistic environment of Chinese social culture, and finally puts forward the way of the development of Marx doctrine in China.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811;D61

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