列宁意识形态主导权思想及实践研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 14:27

本文选题：列宁 + 意识形态主导权　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：意识形态的历史出场,宣告了人类认知和社会建构的法则由宗教神学走向理性自决,由此开启了人类自觉创造历史的时代。马克思实践观的确立将人类社会发展的理论基础由依靠理性自决的唯心主义转向历史唯物主义,从而确立了意识形态的科学内涵并创立了无产阶级的意识形态。当世界局势进入到帝国主义和无产阶级革命时代,马克思主义发展到列宁主义阶段,马克思主义的意识形态学说也随之由理论建构推进到现实建构上。能否在实践中掌握意识形态的主导权,成为阶级革命取得成功的前提和社会主义建设的重要环节。列宁在俄国革命和社会主义建设的实际过程中,不仅形成了系统的社会主义意识形态理论,而且开创了马克思主义意识形态实现主导权的典范。对列宁意识形态主导权建设的主要内容和方法论原则进行分析、归纳,具有重大的理论和现实意义。意识形态是以一定世界观为基础的社会政治范畴,作为一定阶级或集团影响人们意识和社会发展的思想观念体系,如何掌握主导权是其核心课题。在马克思意识形态理论的历史唯物主义语境和列宁意识形态实践的详细论述中,意识形态主导权的科学内涵和建设理路得到清晰地说明和呈现。从逻辑构成上看,意识形态主导权建设的要素包括以认知-解释系统为基础的领导地位、以价值-引导系统为核心的话语作用、以实践-操作系统为保障的管理职能三个方面,是主导地位、主导作用、主导规范的具体实现,体现为领导权、管理权和话语权的有机统一。列宁意识形态主导权建设的内容始终从这三个方面共同发力。在阶级革命时期,布尔什维克党秉持革命的理论是革命运动的前提的信念,以理论工作为中心,从研究、宣传、组织三方面布局:将发展、捍卫马克思主义作为争夺思想领导权的基础、将宣传鼓动工作作为争取群众抢夺话语权的首要任务、将创办全俄政治报作为加强组织管理的迫切要求。无产阶级专政后,布尔什维克党认为一切都已转向实践,一切都到了需要靠行动来说明、靠工作来宣传的时候了。以实践工作为中心,共产党要发挥好领导者、教育者、组织者的协同作用:意识形态领导地位的巩固需要通过无产阶级专政的先进性来证明、意识形态话语权的引导作用需要群众通过实践经验的内在认同来加强、意识形态管理权的有效运用主要通过教育联系政治的途径来实施。列宁关于意识形态主导权建设的阐述和实践,深刻地体现了马克思主义辩证法的方法论特征。首先是坚持理论与实践相统一的基本原则,来提高理论的科学性、话语的可信度和管理的实效性;其次是坚持灌输与自觉相统一的指导原理,以掌握意识形态工作的合理方式和最终目的;三是坚持批判与继承相统一的科学态度,实现一元性与包容性、主导性与开放性的有机结合。
[Abstract]:The emergence of the history of ideology declares the law of human cognition and social construction from religious theology to rational self-determination and thus opens the era of human consciousness to create history. The establishment of Marx's view of practice changed the theoretical basis of human social development from idealism relying on rational self-determination to historical materialism, thus establishing the scientific connotation of ideology and creating the ideology of the proletariat. When the world situation entered the era of imperialism and proletarian revolution, Marxism developed to the stage of Leninism, and the ideological theory of Marxism also moved from theoretical construction to realistic construction. Whether we can master the leading power of ideology in practice has become the prerequisite for the success of class revolution and an important link in socialist construction. In the actual process of Russian revolution and socialist construction, Lenin not only formed a systematic theory of socialist ideology, but also created a model of Marxist ideology to realize the dominant power. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to analyze and summarize the main contents and methodological principles of Lenin's ideological leading power construction. Ideology is a social and political category based on a certain world outlook. As a system of ideology and concept that a certain class or group influences people's consciousness and social development, how to master the leading power is its core subject. In the historical materialist context of Marx's ideology theory and Lenin's ideological practice, the scientific connotation and construction principle of ideological leading power are clearly explained and presented. From the point of view of logical composition, the elements of ideological leading power construction include three aspects: the leading position based on cognitive-explanation system, the discourse function with value-guidance system as the core, and the management function guaranteed by practice-operating system. It is the concrete realization of leading position, leading role and leading norm, which embodies the organic unity of leadership, management and discourse. The content of Lenin's ideological leading power construction is always from these three aspects. During the period of class revolution, the Bolshevik Party adhered to the belief that revolutionary theory was the prerequisite of the revolutionary movement, centered on theoretical work, and laid out three aspects of research, propaganda and organization: it would develop. To defend Marxism as the basis of the struggle for ideological leadership, to take propaganda and agitation as the primary task for the masses to seize the right to speak, and to establish the all-Russian political newspaper as an urgent requirement for strengthening the organization and management. After the dictatorship of the proletariat, the Bolsheviks thought that everything had turned to practice and that it was time for action to explain and work for propaganda. Taking practical work as the center, the Communist Party should give full play to the synergistic role of leaders, educators and organizers: the consolidation of ideological leadership needs to be proved by the advanced nature of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The guiding role of ideological discourse right needs the masses to strengthen through the internal identification of practical experience, and the effective use of ideological management power is mainly implemented through the way of education connecting politics. Lenin's exposition and practice on the construction of ideological leading power deeply embody the methodological characteristics of Marxist dialectics. The first is to adhere to the basic principle of the unity of theory and practice to improve the scientific nature of the theory, the credibility of discourse and the effectiveness of management, and the second is to adhere to the guiding principle of the unity of instillation and self-consciousness. In order to grasp the rational way and ultimate purpose of ideological work, the third is to adhere to the scientific attitude of unity of criticism and inheritance, to realize the organic combination of monism and inclusiveness, leading and opening.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A82

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