马克思恩格斯生态批判思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 12:35

本文选题：马克思 + 恩格斯　；参考：《广西大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知,当今人类社会正日益陷入自然生态危机和社会生态危机的“双重困境”,严重阻碍了社会发展和文明进步。要解决好生态问题,摆脱困境,我们不能仅仅将视野局限于环境问题本身,而应该站在理论的高度,以马克思主义理论为指导,才能正确认识全球生态危机的本质并找到解决问题的根本方法。马克思和恩格斯虽然没有提出“生态批判”的概念,但是,在他们的著作中不乏对相关问题的探讨。马克思恩格斯的生态批判思想,一方面,是对前人“生物进化论”、“新陈代谢理论”、“古代社会”、“人口论”、唯心主义自然观和旧唯物主义自然观等理论中自然观点的批判和超越,另一方面,是对西方工业文明下环境问题的回应。马克思恩格斯揭示了资本主义工业革命对城市环境的污染、资本积累对农村生态的破坏以及死的资本对劳动者生存权剥夺的现象,从科学技术的不合理应用、劳动异化、物质变换断裂和资本逻辑四个方面,分析了资本主义国家人与自然关系冲突的原因,指出所有问题的实质在于资本主义私有制具有严重的生态破坏性。所以,问题的解决除了要从意识层面重塑生态理念,净化被“反生态的资本理性”污染了的人的思想,还要从实践层面消融生态桎梏,结束资本逻辑统治自然界和人的历史,解放人的天性,还人以“自由全面发展”的权力,释放大自然的积极能量,建立符合人类社会和自然界长久发展的宜居社会——共产主义。面对全球生态危机,马克思恩格斯的生态批判思想依然可以发挥余热。在理论上,丰富和拓展了马克思主义批判理论、深化了人们对资本主义制度反生态性认识、推动了工业文明向生态文明的转型；在实践上,不仅为全球生态危机的解决指明方向,也为中国特色生态文明建设提供理论指导和行动指南。但是,随着时代的发展,该理论或多或少地展现出一定的局限性,不但理论的实际操作与生态危机的最终解决存在一定距离,而且理论在社会主义国家建设中的适用性问题尚待验证。
[Abstract]:As we all know, today's human society is increasingly caught in the "double predicament" of natural ecological crisis and social ecological crisis, which seriously hinders the development of society and the progress of civilization. In order to solve the ecological problem and get rid of the predicament, we should not only limit our vision to the environmental problem itself, but also stand at the height of theory, guided by Marxist theory. In order to correctly understand the nature of the global ecological crisis and find a fundamental solution to the problem. Although Marx and Engels did not put forward the concept of "ecological criticism", they did not lack the discussion of related problems in their works. Marx and Engels' ecological critical thought, on the one hand, is about the former "biological evolution", "metabolism theory", "ancient society", "population theory", On the other hand, the criticism and transcendence of the natural viewpoints in the idealist view of nature and the old materialist view of nature, on the other hand, are responses to the environmental problems under the western industrial civilization. Marx and Engels revealed the pollution of the urban environment caused by the capitalist industrial revolution, the destruction of rural ecology caused by capital accumulation and the deprivation of workers' right to subsistence by dead capital, from the irrational application of science and technology to the alienation of labor. This paper analyzes the causes of the conflict between man and nature in capitalist countries from four aspects of material transformation and capital logic, and points out that the essence of all the problems lies in the serious ecological destruction of capitalist private ownership. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, we should not only reshape the ecological concept from the consciousness level, purify the thought of people who have been polluted by the "anti-ecological capital rationality", but also melt the ecological shackles from the practical level, and end the logical domination of the natural world and the history of human beings by the capital logic. Liberating human nature, giving people the power of "free and all-round development", releasing the positive energy of nature, and establishing a livable society, communism, which conforms to the long-term development of human society and nature. In the face of the global ecological crisis, Marx and Engels' ecological critical thought can still play a residual heat. Theoretically, it enriches and expands the Marxist critical theory, deepens people's understanding of the anti-ecological nature of capitalist system, and promotes the transformation of industrial civilization to ecological civilization. It not only points out the direction of solving the global ecological crisis, but also provides theoretical guidance and action guide for the construction of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics. However, with the development of the times, the theory more or less shows certain limitations, not only the practical operation of the theory and the final solution of the ecological crisis, there is a certain distance. Moreover, the applicability of theory in the construction of socialist country needs to be proved.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A811;X2

【相似文献】