毛泽东社会伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 12:07

本文选题：毛泽东 + 社会伦理思想　；参考：《西北大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：毛泽东是当代中国伟大的马克思主义者,也是中国近现代历史上一位具有重大影响的政治家、思想家和军事家。作为中国共产党、中国人民解放军和中华人民共和国的主要缔造者,毛泽东的一生及其思想一直深刻地影响着中国和中国人民。直到今天,无论是在整个社会宏观的政治、经济、文化领域,还是在人民群众的伦理取向、价值观念、日常习俗、甚至在人们的思维领域,都还深刻地存留有毛泽东、毛泽东思想和毛泽东那个时代的印痕。因此,正确认识和评价毛泽东及其思想,并进一步阐发毛泽东及其思想的独特内涵,不仅具有重要的理论价值,而且具有重要的历史意义和现实意义。毛泽东社会伦理思想是毛泽东思想的重要组成部分,也是社会主义现代化建设的重要理论依据。毛泽东思想是否蕴含社会伦理诉求,换言之,毛泽东是否具有社会伦理思想,有着怎样的社会伦理思想,不仅关系到完整准确理解毛泽东思想的原则方法问题,而且在当今吁求公平正义的社会背景下,还关系到毛泽东思想的解释力与指导力以及中国特色社会主义现代化建设的价值取向与政策操作。毛泽东社会伦理思想是内涵于毛泽东思想中有关社会伦理秩序的诉求与价值关怀。它体现的是毛泽东在革命和建设的年代对其所处时代的社会问题的思考与认识,是他对近代中国社会将向何处去的积极探索与回答,也是他对自己心目中理想社会的追求在观念中的反映。毛泽东按照唯物史观,将马克思主义关于社会伦理的研究、将马克思主义社会伦理思想推向一个新的高度。毛泽东追求建立一种和谐、公正、民主的社会伦理秩序,以实现人的彻底解放,即人的自由全面发展为终极目标。可以说,贯穿于毛泽东各个领域的思想的一个主旨就是社会伦理的思想,就是对共产主义社会的追求。毛泽东的社会伦理思想有其独到的思想内容体系,它在理论实质上主要表现为对公平正义、民主与自由等的独到理解,体现出他对马克思主义社会伦理思想的创新与发展。他的社会伦理思想具体表现为：在社会公平正义方面,他形成了以平等为核心的社会正义观；在民主方面,在吸收继承西方启蒙思想家民主理念和马克思主义民主观的基础上,实现了中国特色的人民民主理论；在自由方面,他在揭示自由实质的基础上,追求意志自由和政治自由,并以建立共产主义社会,实现人的彻底解放与全面自由发展为终极目标。在毛泽东的心目中,只有共产主义社会才是最合乎人性的社会,才是对公平正义、民主与自由问题的终极解决。毛泽东在其一生追求公平正义、民主与自由的过程中形成的社会伦理思想,为我们现代社会伦理秩序的建设提供了宝贵的经验和教训。尤其是其对现代国民性改造的重视,对现代公民意识和公民文化的培养,对以人民利益为依归的新秩序的重构,都是当前的社会主义现代化建设不能忽视的重要方面。在21世纪的今天,对毛泽东社会伦理思想的价值,我们应该予以实事求是的评价,而不能予以错误的解读。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong, a great Marx in contemporary China, is also a politician, thinker and strategist with great influence in the modern history of China. As the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people's Liberation Army and the main founder of People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong's life and his thoughts have deeply influenced China and the Chinese people. People. To this day, both in the macro political, economic and cultural fields of the whole society, or in the ethical orientation of the people, values, daily customs, and even in the field of people's thinking, there are Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong thought and the mark of Mao Zedong's time. Therefore, the correct understanding and evaluation of Mao Zedong and his Thinking and further elucidating the unique connotations of Mao Zedong and his thoughts not only have important theoretical value, but also have important historical and practical significance.
Mao Zedong's social ethics thought is an important part of Mao Zedong's thought and an important theoretical basis for the construction of socialist modernization. Whether or not Mao Zedong thought contains social ethical demands, in other words, whether Mao Zedong has social ethics thought and what kind of social ethics thought, not only is it related to the complete and accurate understanding of Mao Zedong's thought. The principle and method of thinking, and under the social background of today's appeal for fair and justice, is also related to the explanatory and guiding power of Mao Zedong's thought, the value orientation and policy operation of the socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics.
Mao Zedong's social ethics thought is the appeal and value concern about the social ethics order in Mao Zedong's thought. It embodies the thinking and understanding of Mao Zedong's social problems in the era of the revolution and construction. It is his positive exploration and answer to where the modern Chinese society will go, but also his heart to his own heart. The pursuit of the ideal society in the eye is reflected in the idea.
According to historical materialism, Mao Zedong put Marx's research on social ethics and pushed Marx's social ethics to a new height. Mao Zedong sought to establish a harmonious, impartial and democratic social ethical order to achieve the complete liberation of human beings, that is, the ultimate goal of the all-round development of human beings. One of the main ideas of Zedong's thoughts in various fields is the idea of social ethics, which is the pursuit of communism.
Mao Zedong's social ethics thought has its unique ideological content system. In essence, it embodies the unique understanding of fairness, justice, democracy and freedom, which embodies the innovation and development of Marx's social ethics thought. His social ethics thought is concretely manifested in the social fairness and justice. On the basis of absorbing and inheriting the democratic ideas of Western Enlightenment thinkers and Marx's concept of democracy, the theory of people's democracy with Chinese characteristics is realized in democracy. On the basis of freedom, he seeks the freedom of will and political freedom on the basis of revealing the essence of freedom and the establishment of communism. In the eyes of Mao Zedong, only communism is the most human society, and it is the ultimate solution to the problem of fairness, justice, democracy and freedom.
Mao Zedong's social ethics thought, formed in the process of pursuing fair justice, democracy and freedom in his life, provided valuable experience and lessons for the construction of our modern social ethics order, especially its attention to modern national transformation, the cultivation of modern citizen consciousness and civic culture, and the new rank of the people's interests. Reconstruction of order is an important aspect that can not be ignored in socialist modernization.
In today's twenty-first Century, we should be realistic in evaluating the value of Mao Zedong's social ethics, and we should not be able to interpret it wrongly.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A841

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