马克思与黑格尔“异化”思想的比较
发布时间：2018-07-14 12:36
【摘要】：黑格尔的自我意识的“异化”是自我意识自身运动发展的环节。意识将自己异化或者外化为自己的对象，然后通过对对象的认识从而认识自身，意识到对象即作为主体的自我意识本身，这实现了自我意识的返回和统一。马克思的“异化”指的是在私有制的资本主义社会中的劳动“异化”现象。“异化劳动”既表现为工人同自己的劳动产品及其劳动本身的异化，还表现在人和人（包括作为类存在的工人本身和他人）的异化。 在“异化”的必然性上，马克思和黑格尔是相同的。意识自身之内的矛盾和区别的存在必然要外化自己成为自己的对象，自我意识对对象的认识和反思必然会产生“异化”，最终通过对对象的扬弃来认识自己；在人类社会的发展中，随着社会分工和私有制的产生，工人必然同自己的生产产品甚至生产过程本身相分离、对立，，乃至同自身的类本质相对立，最后同他人（资本家）相对立，劳动必然产生“异化”。这两种“异化”的发展都是辩证的发展，最终都被扬弃：意识使自己与自己对立是意识的第一个自否定，意识扬弃这对立而回到自相同一，这是对第一个否定的否定，是一种保存自己、发展自己的肯定；而劳动的“异化”剥夺了人的本质，是对人的本质的否定，扬弃”异化”的过程就是对这一否定的否定。 马克思和黑格尔的“异化”思想在以下几个方面是不同的。首先，在“异化”的主体和表现上，黑格尔的“异化”的主体是自我意识，自我意识自身的发展产生“异化”，“异化”表现在意识在对自身外化出来的对象的认识过程中，意识不到对象即是自身乃至被对象制约；马克思的“异化”的主体是劳动，劳动的“异化”表现在工人同自己的劳动及劳动产品、同人的异化上。其次，在原因上，黑格尔的“自我意识的异化”的根源在于意识对自身的反思，而劳动的“异化”是由于社会分工和私有制的产生。再次，从目的上讲，自我意识“异化”的最终目的是要达到自身统一，而认识劳动“异化”的目的是要认识、消灭私有制。最后，在哲学立场上，前者是唯心主义的“异化”观，后者则是辩证唯物主义的“异化”观，这是两者所有差异的根源所在。 认识“异化”是为了扬弃“异化”。“异化”的根源在现实之中。要从根本上消除“异化”，就必须通过实践改变现实，最终获得人的自由全面发展。
[Abstract]:Hegel's self-consciousness alienation is the link of self-consciousness movement. Consciousness dissimilates or externalizes itself as its own object, and then realizes itself through the understanding of object, and realizes the return and unification of self-consciousness. Marx's alienation refers to the phenomenon of labor alienation in the capitalist society of private ownership. "alienated labor" is not only the alienation of workers from their own labor products and their labor itself, but also the alienation of people and people (including workers themselves and others as a kind of existence). Marx and Hegel are alike in the inevitability of alienation. The existence of contradictions and differences within the consciousness itself is bound to externalize itself into its own object, self-awareness of the object awareness and reflection will inevitably produce "alienation", finally through the sublation of the object to understand themselves; In the development of human society, with the social division of labor and the emergence of private ownership, workers are bound to be separated and opposed to their own production products and even to their own nature of the class. Finally, against others (capitalists), labor inevitably produces alienation. The development of these two kinds of "alienation" is dialectical development, and they are eventually abandoned: consciousness makes oneself opposite to oneself is the first self-negation of consciousness, consciousness sublation this opposition and goes back to the same, this is the negation of the first negation. It is a kind of affirmation to preserve oneself and develop itself, and the alienation of labor deprives the essence of man and negates the essence of man, and the process of sublation of alienation is the negation of this negation. Marx and Hegel's thought of alienation are different in the following aspects. First of all, in the subject and performance of alienation, Hegel's main body of alienation is self-consciousness, the development of self-consciousness produces "alienation", and "alienation" is manifested in the process of cognition of the external objects. The main body of Marx's "alienation" is labor, and the alienation of labor is manifested in the alienation of workers with their own labor and their labor products. Secondly, the reason of Hegel's alienation of self-consciousness lies in the reflection of consciousness, while the alienation of labor is due to the social division of labor and the emergence of private ownership. Thirdly, the ultimate goal of self-consciousness alienation is to achieve its own unity, and the purpose of recognizing labor alienation is to recognize and eliminate private ownership. Finally, in the philosophical standpoint, the former is the idealistic "alienation" view, the latter is the dialectical materialism "alienation" view, which is the root of all the differences between the two. To understand alienation is to sublate alienation. The root of alienation lies in reality. In order to eliminate alienation fundamentally, we must change the reality through practice and finally obtain the free and all-round development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B516.35;A811
本文编号：2121665
[Abstract]:Hegel's self-consciousness alienation is the link of self-consciousness movement. Consciousness dissimilates or externalizes itself as its own object, and then realizes itself through the understanding of object, and realizes the return and unification of self-consciousness. Marx's alienation refers to the phenomenon of labor alienation in the capitalist society of private ownership. "alienated labor" is not only the alienation of workers from their own labor products and their labor itself, but also the alienation of people and people (including workers themselves and others as a kind of existence). Marx and Hegel are alike in the inevitability of alienation. The existence of contradictions and differences within the consciousness itself is bound to externalize itself into its own object, self-awareness of the object awareness and reflection will inevitably produce "alienation", finally through the sublation of the object to understand themselves; In the development of human society, with the social division of labor and the emergence of private ownership, workers are bound to be separated and opposed to their own production products and even to their own nature of the class. Finally, against others (capitalists), labor inevitably produces alienation. The development of these two kinds of "alienation" is dialectical development, and they are eventually abandoned: consciousness makes oneself opposite to oneself is the first self-negation of consciousness, consciousness sublation this opposition and goes back to the same, this is the negation of the first negation. It is a kind of affirmation to preserve oneself and develop itself, and the alienation of labor deprives the essence of man and negates the essence of man, and the process of sublation of alienation is the negation of this negation. Marx and Hegel's thought of alienation are different in the following aspects. First of all, in the subject and performance of alienation, Hegel's main body of alienation is self-consciousness, the development of self-consciousness produces "alienation", and "alienation" is manifested in the process of cognition of the external objects. The main body of Marx's "alienation" is labor, and the alienation of labor is manifested in the alienation of workers with their own labor and their labor products. Secondly, the reason of Hegel's alienation of self-consciousness lies in the reflection of consciousness, while the alienation of labor is due to the social division of labor and the emergence of private ownership. Thirdly, the ultimate goal of self-consciousness alienation is to achieve its own unity, and the purpose of recognizing labor alienation is to recognize and eliminate private ownership. Finally, in the philosophical standpoint, the former is the idealistic "alienation" view, the latter is the dialectical materialism "alienation" view, which is the root of all the differences between the two. To understand alienation is to sublate alienation. The root of alienation lies in reality. In order to eliminate alienation fundamentally, we must change the reality through practice and finally obtain the free and all-round development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B516.35;A811
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 徐文宗;也谈异化劳动理论在马克思主义体系中的地位[J];马克思主义与现实;1997年06期
本文编号：2121665
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