列宁平等思想研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 09:20
【摘要】：列宁平等思想是对马克思主义平等思想的继承和发展,是列宁与苏维埃社会主义建设实践相结合的科学理论体系。本文回溯了列宁在俄国无产阶级革命时期和社会主义建设时期平等思想的发展历程,并对列宁平等思想进行了理论总结。本文共分三个部分： 第一部分阐述了列宁平等思想的历史背景和理论渊源。列宁平等思想的诞生有其特定的历史背景：19世纪末,西方资本主义国家在科技飞跃发展的推动下,生产力得到了极大的提高,改变了西方资本主义的面貌,在科技与经济的新发展的同时,发达资本主义国家的社会政治与经济不平等问题也日益突出,这些国家的人民为了争取平等权利,掀起了以争取普选制为代表的政治运动,直接促进了西方资本主义世界工人运动的快速发展。这对当时的俄国造成了深远的影响,此时的俄国本质上还是一个半封建国家,垄断资本家们与专制政府和国外资本相勾结,对人民群众进行了残酷的剥削,这激起了人民特别是工人阶级的强烈不满。在马克思主义的指导下,俄国工人运动有了迅速地发展,为20世纪初俄国革命的爆发奠定了基础。也正是在俄国革命中,列宁平等思想开始形成与发展,它既有对西方平等思想的继承与批判,也有对马克思恩格斯平等思想的继承和发展。本文探讨了近代西方平等思想的发展历程,从近代西方平等观念的确立到巴黎公社革命的平等实践,都为列宁平等思想的形成提供了宝贵的理论财富和实践经验；马克思恩格斯平等思想不同于历史上任何一种平等理论,马克思恩格斯以唯物史观为基础,运用历史和经济分析法,通过对人类历史上一切旧的平等观的批判和扬弃,阐述了无产阶级平等观和共产主义平等理想,是第一次将平等理论置于科学基础之上的科学平等思想。马克思恩格斯将观察平等内涵的视角投射于纯粹哲学和实践哲学之上,跳出了单纯的哲学理论关怀而关注社会实践,完成了对平等内涵的三个重要提升,这是列宁平等思想的主要理论来源。 第二部分是对列宁平等思想的主要内容进行阐述。在这一部分,笔者根据列宁平等思想的不同对象分别进行了研究,包括经济平等思想、政治平等思想、民族平等思想、男女平等思想、教育平等思想以及外交思想中的国际平等理念。笔者首先研究了列宁对平等问题科学内涵的具体分析,这是研究列宁平等思想的基础。十月革命是俄国历史上的一个重要转折点,同样也是列宁思想发展的一个转折。革命时期与社会主义建设时期的列宁平等思想的主要任务、推进方式等从总体上来讲是有较大区别的,因此本文在研究列宁平等思想的基本内容时考虑到了这一因素。十月革命前,列宁平等思想主要集中于对沙皇俄国政权、资本主义国家不平等问题的批判和对其不平等问题根源的科学分析,强调了平等思想的构建对于社会主义政党和无产阶级革命的重要意义；十月革命后,列宁领导俄国人民建立起人类历史上第一个社会主义国家,他所面临的是如何在社会主义国家进行平等建设的历史考验。无论是空想社会主义者还是马克思恩格斯,他们所阐述的社会主义平等思想主要是理论上的研究,客观的历史环境没给他们参与社会主义国家平等构建的实践机会,但列宁有了在一个社会主义国家构建平等的实践机会,新的历史环境是对列宁平等思想的重大挑战。列宁在苏维埃社会主义建设的实践中,既有对马克思主义平等理论的继承,又有对当时苏维埃俄国客观环境相符合的实践经验总结。在苏维埃俄国建立初期,新生的社会主义政权尚不稳固,俄国国内经济也受到战争的严重破坏,在这一时期,列宁平等思想采取的是务实的态度,并不急于在短时期内迅速地达到共产主义理论所要求达到的完全平等,而是依照客观条件选择适合的政策,为社会主义平等的构建奠定基础；在苏维埃政权相对稳定后的全面建设时期,列宁着重强调实现平等权利对于社会主义建设的重要意义,并通过有效的措施,在社会各个层面全面推进社会主义平等建设。 第三部分阐述了列宁平等思想的历史地位和当代价值。在这一部分,笔者首先对列宁平等思想的历史地位进行了客观的总结,强调了列宁平等思想在列宁主义中的重要地位,肯定了列宁平等思想对马克思主义平等思想的继承和发展；其次对列宁平等思想的当代价值进行了阐述。在笔者看来,平等是社会主义最基本的价值追求,社会主义追求平等的实践在列宁之后曾遇到了重大的挫折,原苏联继承者在经济上推行平均主义,在政治上独断专制,这与其没有科学认识列宁平等思想有着直接联系。中国共产党在社会主义革命和社会主义建设中始终能够在挫折中及时地吸取经验和教训,科学地把握列宁平等思想的真髓,这是我国社会主义革命和社会主义建设取得伟大成就的根本原因之一。我国进入社会主义初级阶段以后,平等问题再次成为我们关注的重大社会问题,以列宁平等思想为指导,对于中国特色社会主义平等的构建具有非常重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Lenin's equal thought is the inheritance and development of the equal thought of Marx doctrine and the scientific theoretical system of the combination of Lenin and the Soviet socialist construction practice. This article traces the history of Lenin's development of equal thought in the period of the Russian proletarian revolution and the socialist construction period, and has carried out the theory of Lenin's equal thought. This article is divided into three parts:
The first part expounds the historical background and theoretical origin of Lenin's equality thought. The birth of Lenin's equality thought has its specific historical background. At the end of the nineteenth Century, the western capitalist countries, driven by the rapid development of science and technology, have greatly improved the productivity, changed the face of western capitalism and the new development of science and technology and economy. At the same time, the socio political and economic inequality of the developed capitalist countries is becoming increasingly prominent. In order to strive for equal rights, the people of these countries have set off a political movement on behalf of the general election system, which directly promoted the rapid development of the western capitalist world of workers' movement. This has made a profound impact on the Russians at that time. At this time, Russia was essentially the 1.5 feudal state. The monopoly capitalists colluded with the autocratic government and foreign capital and made cruel exploitation of the people. This aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the people, especially the working class. Under the guidance of Marx's doctrine, the movement of Russian workers developed rapidly, for Russia in the early twentieth Century. The outbreak of the revolution laid the foundation. It was in the Russian revolution that Lenin's thought of equality began to form and develop. It had not only inherited and criticized the equal thought of the west, but also inherited and developed the equal thought of Marx and Engels. This article discussed the development course of the Western equality thought in modern western countries and the establishment of the equality concept in modern western countries. The equal practice of the Paris Commune Revolution provides valuable theoretical wealth and practical experience for the formation of Lenin's equality thought. Marx Engels's equality thought is different from any kind of equality theory in history. Marx Engels, based on historical materialism, uses history and economic analysis, through all the old history of human history. The criticism and discarding of the concept of equality, the proletarian equality concept and the ideal of communism equality, is the first scientific equality thought on the basis of science on the basis of equality. Marx and Engels projected the view of equal Connotations on the top of pure philosophy and practical philosophy and jumped out of the concern of simple philosophical theory. Social practice has accomplished three important improvements to the connotation of equality, which is the main theoretical source of Lenin's equality thought.
The second part is to elaborate on the main contents of Lenin's equality thought. In this part, the author conducts the research according to the different objects of Lenin's equality thought, including the thought of economic equality, the thought of political equality, the equality thought of the nation, the equality of men and women, the thought of equality in education and the international equality concept in the diplomatic thought. The concrete analysis of Lenin's scientific connotation of equality is first studied. This is the basis for the study of Lenin's equal thought. The October revolution is an important turning point in the history of Russia. It is also a turning point in the development of Lenin's thought. The main task of Lenin's equal thought in the period of the revolution and the period of socialist construction and the way of advancing are from the general. There is a big difference in terms of body, so this article takes this factor into consideration when studying the basic content of Lenin's equality thought. Before the October revolution, Lenin's equality thought was mainly focused on the criticism of the Tsar Russian regime, the unequal problem in capitalist countries and the scientific analysis of the root of its inequality, emphasizing the equality thought. The importance of constructing the socialist party and the proletarian revolution was built. After the October revolution, Lenin led the Russian people to establish the first socialist country in the history of human history. He was confronted with the historical test of how to make equal construction in a socialist country. Whether it was a dreamer or a Marx Engels, he was a socialist country. The idea of socialist equality is mainly theoretical research. The objective historical environment does not give them the opportunity to participate in the construction of a socialist country equally. But Lenin has the opportunity to build an equal practice in a socialist country. The new historical environment is a major challenge to the ideas of Li Ning Ping. Lenin is in the Soviet Union. In the practice of socialist construction, there was not only the inheritance of Marx's theory of equality, but also the practical experience of the Soviet Russian objective environment at that time. In the early period of the Soviet Union, the new socialist regime was not stable, and the domestic economy of Russia was seriously damaged by the war. In this period, Lenin was equal. Thinking is a pragmatic attitude, not in a hurry to reach the complete equality required by the Communist theory in a short period of time, but to choose the appropriate policy according to the objective conditions and lay the foundation for the construction of the socialist equality. In the period of the overall construction of the Soviet regime after the relative stability, Lenin emphasizes the realization of the peace. The equal rights are of great significance to the socialist construction, and through effective measures to promote the socialist equality construction in all levels of society in an all-round way.
The third part expounds the historical status and contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought. In this part, the author first summarizes the historical status of Lenin's equal thought, emphasizes the important position of Lenin's equal thought in Lenin, and affirms the inheritance and development of Lenin's equal thought to the equality thought of Marx. Secondly, the contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought is expounded. In my view, equality is the basic value pursuit of socialism, and the practice of pursuing equality in socialism has met with a major setback after Lenin. The former Soviet successors carried out equalitarianism in the economy and were dictatorial in politics, which has not been scientifically understood. Lenin's equal thought has a direct connection. In the socialist revolution and socialist construction, the Communist Party of China has always been able to absorb experience and lessons in a timely manner in the setback and scientifically grasp the true marrow of Lenin's equal thought. This is one of the fundamental reasons for the great achievements of the socialist revolution and socialist construction in China. After the primary stage of socialism, the issue of equality has become a major social problem we pay attention to again. With the guidance of Lenin's equality thought, it is of great significance to the construction of the equality of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A821
本文编号：2158976
[Abstract]:Lenin's equal thought is the inheritance and development of the equal thought of Marx doctrine and the scientific theoretical system of the combination of Lenin and the Soviet socialist construction practice. This article traces the history of Lenin's development of equal thought in the period of the Russian proletarian revolution and the socialist construction period, and has carried out the theory of Lenin's equal thought. This article is divided into three parts:
The first part expounds the historical background and theoretical origin of Lenin's equality thought. The birth of Lenin's equality thought has its specific historical background. At the end of the nineteenth Century, the western capitalist countries, driven by the rapid development of science and technology, have greatly improved the productivity, changed the face of western capitalism and the new development of science and technology and economy. At the same time, the socio political and economic inequality of the developed capitalist countries is becoming increasingly prominent. In order to strive for equal rights, the people of these countries have set off a political movement on behalf of the general election system, which directly promoted the rapid development of the western capitalist world of workers' movement. This has made a profound impact on the Russians at that time. At this time, Russia was essentially the 1.5 feudal state. The monopoly capitalists colluded with the autocratic government and foreign capital and made cruel exploitation of the people. This aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the people, especially the working class. Under the guidance of Marx's doctrine, the movement of Russian workers developed rapidly, for Russia in the early twentieth Century. The outbreak of the revolution laid the foundation. It was in the Russian revolution that Lenin's thought of equality began to form and develop. It had not only inherited and criticized the equal thought of the west, but also inherited and developed the equal thought of Marx and Engels. This article discussed the development course of the Western equality thought in modern western countries and the establishment of the equality concept in modern western countries. The equal practice of the Paris Commune Revolution provides valuable theoretical wealth and practical experience for the formation of Lenin's equality thought. Marx Engels's equality thought is different from any kind of equality theory in history. Marx Engels, based on historical materialism, uses history and economic analysis, through all the old history of human history. The criticism and discarding of the concept of equality, the proletarian equality concept and the ideal of communism equality, is the first scientific equality thought on the basis of science on the basis of equality. Marx and Engels projected the view of equal Connotations on the top of pure philosophy and practical philosophy and jumped out of the concern of simple philosophical theory. Social practice has accomplished three important improvements to the connotation of equality, which is the main theoretical source of Lenin's equality thought.
The second part is to elaborate on the main contents of Lenin's equality thought. In this part, the author conducts the research according to the different objects of Lenin's equality thought, including the thought of economic equality, the thought of political equality, the equality thought of the nation, the equality of men and women, the thought of equality in education and the international equality concept in the diplomatic thought. The concrete analysis of Lenin's scientific connotation of equality is first studied. This is the basis for the study of Lenin's equal thought. The October revolution is an important turning point in the history of Russia. It is also a turning point in the development of Lenin's thought. The main task of Lenin's equal thought in the period of the revolution and the period of socialist construction and the way of advancing are from the general. There is a big difference in terms of body, so this article takes this factor into consideration when studying the basic content of Lenin's equality thought. Before the October revolution, Lenin's equality thought was mainly focused on the criticism of the Tsar Russian regime, the unequal problem in capitalist countries and the scientific analysis of the root of its inequality, emphasizing the equality thought. The importance of constructing the socialist party and the proletarian revolution was built. After the October revolution, Lenin led the Russian people to establish the first socialist country in the history of human history. He was confronted with the historical test of how to make equal construction in a socialist country. Whether it was a dreamer or a Marx Engels, he was a socialist country. The idea of socialist equality is mainly theoretical research. The objective historical environment does not give them the opportunity to participate in the construction of a socialist country equally. But Lenin has the opportunity to build an equal practice in a socialist country. The new historical environment is a major challenge to the ideas of Li Ning Ping. Lenin is in the Soviet Union. In the practice of socialist construction, there was not only the inheritance of Marx's theory of equality, but also the practical experience of the Soviet Russian objective environment at that time. In the early period of the Soviet Union, the new socialist regime was not stable, and the domestic economy of Russia was seriously damaged by the war. In this period, Lenin was equal. Thinking is a pragmatic attitude, not in a hurry to reach the complete equality required by the Communist theory in a short period of time, but to choose the appropriate policy according to the objective conditions and lay the foundation for the construction of the socialist equality. In the period of the overall construction of the Soviet regime after the relative stability, Lenin emphasizes the realization of the peace. The equal rights are of great significance to the socialist construction, and through effective measures to promote the socialist equality construction in all levels of society in an all-round way.
The third part expounds the historical status and contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought. In this part, the author first summarizes the historical status of Lenin's equal thought, emphasizes the important position of Lenin's equal thought in Lenin, and affirms the inheritance and development of Lenin's equal thought to the equality thought of Marx. Secondly, the contemporary value of Lenin's equal thought is expounded. In my view, equality is the basic value pursuit of socialism, and the practice of pursuing equality in socialism has met with a major setback after Lenin. The former Soviet successors carried out equalitarianism in the economy and were dictatorial in politics, which has not been scientifically understood. Lenin's equal thought has a direct connection. In the socialist revolution and socialist construction, the Communist Party of China has always been able to absorb experience and lessons in a timely manner in the setback and scientifically grasp the true marrow of Lenin's equal thought. This is one of the fundamental reasons for the great achievements of the socialist revolution and socialist construction in China. After the primary stage of socialism, the issue of equality has become a major social problem we pay attention to again. With the guidance of Lenin's equality thought, it is of great significance to the construction of the equality of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A821
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 邱仁富;;论“民主、自由、平等”的三重关系[J];武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版);2014年03期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 潘婧文;近代皖籍名人蔡晓舟研究[D];安徽大学;2013年
，本文编号：2158976
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