列宁代议制思想研究
发布时间：2018-08-03 21:31
【摘要】：代议制是现代民主制的主导形式。代议制问题既是现代政治学的重大理论问题,也是当代政治生活中重大实践问题。列宁的代议制思想是一笔宝贵的理论遗产。列宁在继承马克思、恩格斯代议制思想的基础上,站在时代发展的高度,结合俄国革命的具体实际,对代议制问题,尤其是苏维埃社会主义代议制问题,进行了长时间的深入探讨和缜密思考,不仅极大地丰富和发展了马克思恩格斯的代议制思想,而且创造了苏维埃代议制的伟大实践,开创了一个民主的伟大时代,具有重要的研究价值。 原始民主制是代议制的沃土,古希腊城邦民主制是代议制的雏形。代议制是资产阶级在近代史上的发明创造,议会制、政党制和普选制是代议制确立的标志,历史实践孕育出代议制理论,以孟德斯鸠、卢梭和密尔为代表。巴黎公社是工人阶级代议制的最初尝试,马克思从巴黎公社实践中总结出来的代议制思想,对列宁产生了重要影响。十九世纪末、二十世纪初沙皇俄国上演的代议制闹剧直接引发了列宁对代议制问题的理论思考。 列宁处在帝国主义和无产阶级革命的新时代,担负起揭露、批判西方代议制神话、开创苏维埃代议制理论与实践的使命,从“三个维度”,即革命性的苏维埃代议制的维度、社会主义苏维埃代议制的维度和党内代议制民主的维度,分“四个阶段”,即代议制思想的萌芽阶段、创立革命性苏维埃思想的阶段、建立社会主义苏维埃代议制思想的阶段和政治遗嘱阶段,全面阐述了他的代议制思想。 列宁坚持马克思恩格斯关于代议制政体的基本思想,深刻揭露和批判资产阶级代议制政体的虚伪性及其反无产阶级的阶级本质,系统提出苏维埃代议制政体建设的基本原则,在实践中周密设计和构建苏维埃代议制政体。列宁认为,普选制、监督制和罢免权是规避代议制政治风险,确保苏维埃代议制政体的人民民主性质的根本措施。党内民主是党的生命,没有党内民主,就没有人民民主。列宁强调,必须把党建设成一个充分民主的党,保障党员的民主权利是党内代议制民主的根本。党内代议制民主必须靠系统而持久的制度建设来保障。 列宁的代议制思想是列宁主义的重要组成部分。列宁在代议制问题上,旗帜鲜明地坚持和捍卫了马克思主义的基本观点,开创了苏维埃社会主义代议制的理论与实践,开创了工人阶级执政党党内代议制民主的理论与实践,具有重要的历史地位；从社会主义的历史实践来看,列宁在俄国革命和社会主义建设中,创造的苏维埃代议制的伟大实践,以及后来斯大林对列宁苏维埃代议制思想的严重背弃所造成的灾难性后果,具有极其宝贵的借鉴和参考价值；从全力推进中国特色社会主义民主政治的角度来看,列宁的代议制思想具有重要的现实指导意义和方法论价值。
[Abstract]:Representative system is the dominant form of modern democracy. The problem of representative system is not only a major theoretical issue in modern politics, but also a major practical problem in contemporary political life. Lenin's thought of representative system is a valuable theoretical heritage. Lenin, on the basis of inheriting Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, standing at the height of the development of the times, combined with the specific reality of the Russian revolution, addressed the problems of representative system, especially the question of representative system of Soviet socialism. It not only enriched and developed Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, but also created the great practice of Soviet representative system and opened a great era of democracy. It has important research value. Primitive democracy is the fertile soil of representative system, and ancient Greek city-state democracy is the embryonic form of representative system. Representative system is the invention and creation of bourgeoisie in modern history, parliamentary system, political party system and universal election system is the symbol of the establishment of representative system, historical practice gave birth to representative system theory, represented by Montesquieu, Rousseau and Mill. The Paris Commune is the first attempt of representative system of the working class. The thought of representative system summed up by Marx from the practice of Paris Commune had an important influence on Lenin. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin's theoretical thinking on the issue of representative system was directly aroused by the farce of representative system staged by tsarist Russia. In the new era of imperialism and proletarian revolution, Lenin took on the mission of exposing and criticizing the myth of representative system in the West and creating the theory and practice of Soviet representative system from the "three dimensions", that is, the revolutionary dimension of Soviet representative system. The dimension of the representative system of the socialist Soviet and the dimension of the representative democracy within the Party are divided into four stages, namely, the embryonic stage of the thought of representative system, and the stage of the founding of the revolutionary Soviet thought. The stage of establishing representative system of socialist Soviet and the stage of political will, expound his thought of representative system in an all-round way. Lenin persisted in Marx and Engels' basic thought on representative government, deeply exposed and criticized the hypocrisy of bourgeois representative government and its class essence against proletariat, and put forward systematically the basic principles of the construction of Soviet representative system of government. In practice, the Soviet representative system of government was carefully designed and constructed. Lenin believed that the power of universal election, supervision and recall was the fundamental measure to avoid the political risk of representative system and to ensure the democratic nature of the people in Soviet representative government. Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party. Without inner-Party democracy, there will be no people's democracy. Lenin stressed that it is necessary to build the Party into a fully democratic party, and to guarantee the democratic rights of Party members is the foundation of representative democracy within the Party. Representative democracy within the Party must be guaranteed by systematic and lasting system construction. Lenin's thought of representative system is an important part of Leninism. On the issue of representative system, Lenin took a clear-cut stand to uphold and defend the basic viewpoint of Marxism, founded the theory and practice of representative system of Soviet socialism, and pioneered the theory and practice of representative democracy within the ruling party of the working class. From the historical practice of socialism, Lenin created the great practice of Soviet representative system in the Russian revolution and socialist construction. And the disastrous consequences caused by Stalin's serious renegade of Lenin's thought of Soviet representative system were of great value for reference and reference; from the point of view of pushing forward socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, Lenin's thought of representative system has important practical guiding significance and methodological value.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A821
本文编号：2163052
[Abstract]:Representative system is the dominant form of modern democracy. The problem of representative system is not only a major theoretical issue in modern politics, but also a major practical problem in contemporary political life. Lenin's thought of representative system is a valuable theoretical heritage. Lenin, on the basis of inheriting Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, standing at the height of the development of the times, combined with the specific reality of the Russian revolution, addressed the problems of representative system, especially the question of representative system of Soviet socialism. It not only enriched and developed Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, but also created the great practice of Soviet representative system and opened a great era of democracy. It has important research value. Primitive democracy is the fertile soil of representative system, and ancient Greek city-state democracy is the embryonic form of representative system. Representative system is the invention and creation of bourgeoisie in modern history, parliamentary system, political party system and universal election system is the symbol of the establishment of representative system, historical practice gave birth to representative system theory, represented by Montesquieu, Rousseau and Mill. The Paris Commune is the first attempt of representative system of the working class. The thought of representative system summed up by Marx from the practice of Paris Commune had an important influence on Lenin. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin's theoretical thinking on the issue of representative system was directly aroused by the farce of representative system staged by tsarist Russia. In the new era of imperialism and proletarian revolution, Lenin took on the mission of exposing and criticizing the myth of representative system in the West and creating the theory and practice of Soviet representative system from the "three dimensions", that is, the revolutionary dimension of Soviet representative system. The dimension of the representative system of the socialist Soviet and the dimension of the representative democracy within the Party are divided into four stages, namely, the embryonic stage of the thought of representative system, and the stage of the founding of the revolutionary Soviet thought. The stage of establishing representative system of socialist Soviet and the stage of political will, expound his thought of representative system in an all-round way. Lenin persisted in Marx and Engels' basic thought on representative government, deeply exposed and criticized the hypocrisy of bourgeois representative government and its class essence against proletariat, and put forward systematically the basic principles of the construction of Soviet representative system of government. In practice, the Soviet representative system of government was carefully designed and constructed. Lenin believed that the power of universal election, supervision and recall was the fundamental measure to avoid the political risk of representative system and to ensure the democratic nature of the people in Soviet representative government. Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party. Without inner-Party democracy, there will be no people's democracy. Lenin stressed that it is necessary to build the Party into a fully democratic party, and to guarantee the democratic rights of Party members is the foundation of representative democracy within the Party. Representative democracy within the Party must be guaranteed by systematic and lasting system construction. Lenin's thought of representative system is an important part of Leninism. On the issue of representative system, Lenin took a clear-cut stand to uphold and defend the basic viewpoint of Marxism, founded the theory and practice of representative system of Soviet socialism, and pioneered the theory and practice of representative democracy within the ruling party of the working class. From the historical practice of socialism, Lenin created the great practice of Soviet representative system in the Russian revolution and socialist construction. And the disastrous consequences caused by Stalin's serious renegade of Lenin's thought of Soviet representative system were of great value for reference and reference; from the point of view of pushing forward socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, Lenin's thought of representative system has important practical guiding significance and methodological value.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A821
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 龙建宇;列宁党内监督思想研究[D];湖南师范大学;2014年
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