马克思与海德格尔生存论比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 12:41

【摘要】：哲学是时代精神的精华，马克思和海德格尔的生存论所关照的俱是他们二人所处时代中的人现实的生存困境，二者对人的生存问题进行了深入的思考，对以往的西方传统哲学的生存观进行了深刻的批判，为现代生存论的发展提供了新的范式与思路，对当代人的生存具有启示性的意义。然而，晚于马克思的海德格尔的生存论却存在其自身无法摆脱的理论困境，本文试图通过对马克思和海德格尔二者的比较指出海德格尔生存论的局限性，为当代人的生存提供一条真实可行的解放之路。论文第一部分的内容是笔者对两位哲学家生存论思想的梳理与阐述：对海德格尔生存论的理解主要是按其思想的逻辑分为前后期两个部分，其前期生存论思想是以“此在”为中心，从“此在”的在世结构入手，展开“此在”在世状态，由此指向人沉沦为常人而后通过向死而生达到“此在”自由本真的生存，其后期的生存论思想的关键词为座架，批判了科学技术对于人的生存的束缚，若想实现人的本真生存则要回归到诗意的栖居。对于马克思生存论的理解则围绕实践展开，马克思的生存论以实践为出发点，指出人的生存本质的实现是建立在自由自觉的实践活动基础上的，，并指出在私有制的经济制度下，人的实践活动表现为异化劳动，人的生存亦是异化的，要扬弃异化实现人的自由与解放就要扬弃私有制，实现共产主义。论文的第二部分则是对马克思和海德格尔的生存论进行比较，指出二者思想存在的相通与相异：相通之处是通过思维方式、理论落脚点以及对人的生存本质的认识三个方面来进行比较得出的；相异之处则是通过对二者的理论视野、逻辑起点以及对人的生存价值旨趣的追求三个方面进行比较得出的。通过对于二者生存论思想相通与相异之处的比较，引出海德格尔生存论的局限性以及马克思生存论对前者的超越性。本文的最后一章笔者具体分析了海德格尔思想的理论困境以及马克思生存论的超越性，表明马克思的生存论思想对现代人超越生存困境的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times, Marx and Heidegger's theory of existence are all concerned with the survival dilemma of the people in their times. This paper makes a profound criticism on the traditional western philosophy of existence, which provides a new paradigm and train of thought for the development of modern existentialism, and has enlightening significance for the survival of contemporary people. However, after Marx's theory of existence, Heidegger's theory of existence has its own theoretical dilemma, this paper attempts to point out the limitations of Heidegger's theory of existence through the comparison between Marx and Heidegger. For the survival of contemporary people to provide a real and feasible road to liberation. The first part of the thesis is the author's combing and expounding of the two philosophers' existentialism: the understanding of Heidegger's existentialism is divided into two parts according to the logic of his thought. His early existentialism thought is centered on "this being", starting with the living structure of "this being", and developing "this being" in the living state, thus pointing to the fact that man is sinking into ordinary people and then living through death to achieve the existence of "this being" in the nature of freedom. The key word of his later existentialism thought is seat frame, which criticizes the restriction of science and technology to man's existence. If he wants to realize his real existence, he must return to his poetic dwelling. The understanding of Marx's existentialism revolves around practice. Marx's existentialism takes practice as the starting point, points out that the realization of human existence essence is based on free and conscious practical activities, and points out that under the economic system of private ownership, The practice of human being is characterized by alienation of labor and existence of human being. If we want to sublate alienation and realize human freedom and liberation, we must sublate private ownership and realize communism. The second part of the paper is to compare Marx's and Heidegger's existential theory, and point out that the existence of the two ideas is common and different: the common point is through the mode of thinking. The theoretical foothold and the understanding of the essence of human existence are compared in three aspects; the differences are drawn from the theoretical field of vision, the logical starting point and the pursuit of human survival value purport. By comparing the similarities and differences between the two existentialism ideas, the limitations of Heidegger's existentialism and the transcendence of Marx's existentialism to the former are drawn. In the last chapter, the author analyzes the theoretical dilemma of Heidegger's thought and the transcendence of Marx's existentialism, which indicates the guiding significance of Marx's existentialism to modern man's surpassing the existential dilemma.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B516.54;A811

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