列宁政治伦理思想研究
发布时间：2018-08-17 12:47
【摘要】：从一般的学理层面而言,政治伦理所关涉的主要内容是社会政治共同体(主要是国家)在政治活动中所追求的政治价值理念、社会制度设计过程中所遵循的道德规范原则和目的性追求以及执政党道德建设和社会道德建设。列宁作为人类历史上第一个社会主义国家的第一代主要领导者,在领导苏联人民进行社会主义革命和建设的过程中,在政治实践方面大胆探索和改革,形成了较为丰富的政治伦理思想,这些政治伦理思想既是列宁个人政治智慧、领袖人格和德行操守的体现,更是人类历史上第一个社会主义国家在政治实践中的道义追求的原初体现。研究列宁的政治伦理思想,不仅可以了解列宁个人政治伦理思想的丰富内涵,也可以思考列宁时期苏联社会主义国家在政治价值追求方面的得与失,更可以为我国当下的政治体制改革和带有本土化色彩的政治伦理思想的建构提供有益的参照。 本文从论题研究的缘起入手,分析了研究列宁政治伦理思想的重要意义,研判了当今学术界在关于列宁政治思想和政治伦理思想方面所取得的重要进展,明确了自己研究的框架和目标。论文主体部分分为六章。 第一章分析了列宁政治伦理思想形成的现实条件。从总体来看,列宁政治伦理思想的形成首先有其重要的现实基础,俄国的社会状况特别是俄共(布)执政时期所面临的复杂的社会局面、严峻的现实考验以及苏联社会主义建设的曲折进程,是列宁政治伦理思想产生发展的现实土壤；列宁领导所建立的苏维埃社会主义国家也是马克思恩格斯的政治思想或政治理想在东方社会的现实化,因此马克思恩格斯的政治伦理思想对列宁政治伦理思想形成起到了直接的启导作用,也是列宁政治伦理思想形成和发展最重要的思想理论基础。当然,任何一个思想家思想的成长也与其个人的禀赋分不开,列宁独特的人生经历也是其政治伦理思想长生发展的重要条件。 第二章阐发了列宁政治伦理思想的价值理念。所谓政治伦理思想的价值理念即是一种政治伦理思想所主张的价值目标,它构成了政治伦理思想的内核。虽然在这一方面,列宁并没有太多的显性话语来加以系统表述,但是无论是他的建国思想、建党思想、制度运行思想和社会道德教育思想中都渗透了对自由、民主、平等、公正、和平的诉求,而这也构成了列宁政治伦理思想的核心价值理念,体现了列宁和他所领导的社会主义国家致力于人的发展、自由和对幸福的追求,致力于良好社会秩序的建立,致力于无产阶级政党自身的建设和美好社会理想的实现。 第三章探讨了列宁的制度伦理思想。所谓制度伦理思想即是关于制度的伦理底蕴和道义依据的基本思想。社会主义制度的建立是人类历史上开创了新纪元的制度革命,列宁在领导建设社会主义的过程中,在社会制度建设方面进行了大胆的探索,他在制度设计、运行、监督等方面都渗透了他的价值理念和道义追求。简言之,列宁始终坚持,社会主义制度必须坚持人民性的原则,因此社会主义国家社会制度的设计和运行必须以实现人的政治解放为前提、以实现社会正义为要旨、以实行政治民主为核心、以促进社会生产力的发展为目标。 第四章论述了列宁关于执政党道德建设的理论与实践。列宁在执政党的道德建设上既有丰富的思想,同时也非常注重实践,在执政党的道德建设方面取得了许多经验。列宁反对个人专权,认为个人专断和专权是违背无产阶级政党道德的,是封建君主和官员的道德表现；列宁强调党的集体领导,执政党必须服从人民的意志和集体的意志,必须坚持集体领导；列宁倡导实事求是的作风,他认为,执政党必须坚持一切从实际出发,说大话、假话、浮夸是一个严重的道德缺陷；列宁还强调执政党应密切联系人民群众,应充分相信群众,与人民群众打成一片,这也是对执政党的特殊的道德要求。 第五章概括了列宁社会道德建设的理论与实践。通过加强社会道德教育来推动社会主义事业的发展,也是列宁政治伦理思想的重要组成部分。列宁的政治伦理思想不是关涉社会政治精英道德操守的观念或主张,而是关于建设社会主义新的道德风尚理论和实践。列宁鲜明地提出了建设“共产主义道德”的观念,并以此作为苏联社会主义国家社会道德建设的纲领和指南。在实践上,列宁提出,提升全体社会成员和全社会道德水平的途径是开展共产主义道德教育,培育共产主义道德文化,锤炼共产主义道德品质,发扬共产主义劳动精神。 第六章总结了列宁政治伦理思想的特征及当代意义。列宁政治伦理思想具有尖锐的批判性、鲜明的实践性和突出的创新性。当今,列宁关于政治伦理的思想,仍然是我们宝贵的精神财富,它对政治主体的伦理关怀、对政治制度的正义追求、对国家社会关系的和谐处理等对中国共产党执政都有着重要的理论意义和实践指导。 列宁政治伦理思想是一笔丰厚的文化遗产。尽管在今天,世界局势在不断发生着变化；列宁之后,苏联社会主义国家也可谓命运多舛。但是列宁在领导社会主义革命和建设过程中所形成的思想和所领导的社会主义伟大实践是永恒的,是永远无法被历史风尘所湮没的。特别是在中国社会主义的发展过程中,列宁政治伦理思想的启示和参照意义是不容忽视的。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, political ethics is concerned with the political values pursued by the social and political community (mainly the state) in political activities, the principles of moral norms and the pursuit of goals in the design of social systems, and the moral and social construction of the ruling party. Lenin is a human being. In the process of leading the people of the Soviet Union in the socialist revolution and construction, the first major leaders of the first socialist country in history boldly explored and reformed political practice and formed rich political and ethical thoughts, which were Lenin's personal political wisdom, leader's personality and moral integrity. The study of Lenin's political ethics can not only understand the rich connotation of Lenin's personal political ethics, but also reflect on the gains and losses of the Soviet Union's socialist countries in the pursuit of political value in Lenin's time. It can provide useful reference for the reform of political system and the construction of political ethics thought with localization.
This paper begins with the origin of the study of Lenin's political ethics, analyzes the significance of the study of Lenin's political ethics, studies and judges the important progress of the academic circles on Lenin's political thought and political ethics, and defines the framework and objectives of the study.
The first chapter analyzes the realistic conditions for the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Generally speaking, the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought first has its important realistic foundation. The social situation of Russia, especially the complicated social situation faced by the ruling period of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), the severe realistic test and the tortuous progress of the socialist construction of the Soviet Union are the social conditions. Cheng is the realistic soil for the emergence and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought; the Soviet socialist country established under Lenin's leadership is also the realisation of Marx and Engels'political thought or political ideal in the eastern society. Therefore, Marx and Engels' political and ethical thought has played a direct role in the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Utilization is also the most important ideological and theoretical basis for the formation and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Of course, the growth of any thinker's thought can not be separated from his personal endowment. Lenin's unique life experience is also an important condition for the long-term development of his political and ethical thought.
The second chapter expounds the value idea of Lenin's political ethics thought.The value idea of the so-called political ethics thought is the value goal advocated by one kind of political ethics thought,which constitutes the core of the political ethics thought.Although in this aspect,Lenin does not have too many explicit words to express systematically,but whether it is his founding of the country. Thought, Party building thought, system operation thought and social moral education thought all permeate the demand for freedom, democracy, equality, justice and peace, which also constitutes the core values of Lenin's political and ethical thought, and reflects Lenin and his socialist country's commitment to human development, freedom and the pursuit of happiness. In order to establish a good social order, we should devote ourselves to the construction of the proletarian party itself and the realization of the ideal of a better society.
The third chapter discusses Lenin's system ethics thought, which is the basic thought about the ethical foundation and moral basis of the system. In short, Lenin always insisted that the socialist system must adhere to the principle of people's character, so the design and operation of the social system of socialist countries must be based on the realization of political emancipation of people and social justice. The aim is to implement political democracy as the core and promote the development of social productive forces.
The fourth chapter discusses Lenin's theory and Practice on the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin not only has rich ideas but also attaches great importance to practice in the moral construction of the ruling party. He has gained a lot of experience in the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin emphasized that the ruling party must obey the will of the people and the will of the collective and insist on collective leadership; Lenin advocated the style of seeking truth from facts. He believed that the ruling party must adhere to all proceeding from reality, speaking big words, falsehoods and exaggeration is a serious moral defect. Lenin also emphasized that the ruling party should keep in close contact with the people, fully believe in the masses and integrate with them, which is also a special moral requirement for the ruling party.
The fifth chapter summarizes the theory and practice of Lenin's social moral construction. It is also an important part of Lenin's political and ethical thought to promote the development of socialism by strengthening social moral education. Lenin clearly put forward the concept of "communist morality" as the guiding principle and guideline of social morality construction in socialist countries of the Soviet Union. The Communist moral culture tempered the moral character of communism and carried forward the communist spirit of labor.
Chapter 6 summarizes the characteristics and contemporary significance of Lenin's political ethics.Lenin's political ethics is critical, practical and innovative.Today, Lenin's political ethics is still our precious spiritual wealth.His ethical concern for the political subject and his just pursuit of the political system. Harmonious handling of state and social relations is of great theoretical and practical significance to the ruling of the Communist Party of China.
Lenin's political and ethical thought is a rich cultural heritage. Although today, the world situation is constantly changing; after Lenin, the socialist countries of the Soviet Union also have many fates. It can never be forgotten by the historical dust. Especially in the development of Chinese socialism, the enlightenment and reference significance of Lenin's political ethics can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A821.6;B82-09
本文编号：2187678
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, political ethics is concerned with the political values pursued by the social and political community (mainly the state) in political activities, the principles of moral norms and the pursuit of goals in the design of social systems, and the moral and social construction of the ruling party. Lenin is a human being. In the process of leading the people of the Soviet Union in the socialist revolution and construction, the first major leaders of the first socialist country in history boldly explored and reformed political practice and formed rich political and ethical thoughts, which were Lenin's personal political wisdom, leader's personality and moral integrity. The study of Lenin's political ethics can not only understand the rich connotation of Lenin's personal political ethics, but also reflect on the gains and losses of the Soviet Union's socialist countries in the pursuit of political value in Lenin's time. It can provide useful reference for the reform of political system and the construction of political ethics thought with localization.
This paper begins with the origin of the study of Lenin's political ethics, analyzes the significance of the study of Lenin's political ethics, studies and judges the important progress of the academic circles on Lenin's political thought and political ethics, and defines the framework and objectives of the study.
The first chapter analyzes the realistic conditions for the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Generally speaking, the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought first has its important realistic foundation. The social situation of Russia, especially the complicated social situation faced by the ruling period of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), the severe realistic test and the tortuous progress of the socialist construction of the Soviet Union are the social conditions. Cheng is the realistic soil for the emergence and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought; the Soviet socialist country established under Lenin's leadership is also the realisation of Marx and Engels'political thought or political ideal in the eastern society. Therefore, Marx and Engels' political and ethical thought has played a direct role in the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Utilization is also the most important ideological and theoretical basis for the formation and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Of course, the growth of any thinker's thought can not be separated from his personal endowment. Lenin's unique life experience is also an important condition for the long-term development of his political and ethical thought.
The second chapter expounds the value idea of Lenin's political ethics thought.The value idea of the so-called political ethics thought is the value goal advocated by one kind of political ethics thought,which constitutes the core of the political ethics thought.Although in this aspect,Lenin does not have too many explicit words to express systematically,but whether it is his founding of the country. Thought, Party building thought, system operation thought and social moral education thought all permeate the demand for freedom, democracy, equality, justice and peace, which also constitutes the core values of Lenin's political and ethical thought, and reflects Lenin and his socialist country's commitment to human development, freedom and the pursuit of happiness. In order to establish a good social order, we should devote ourselves to the construction of the proletarian party itself and the realization of the ideal of a better society.
The third chapter discusses Lenin's system ethics thought, which is the basic thought about the ethical foundation and moral basis of the system. In short, Lenin always insisted that the socialist system must adhere to the principle of people's character, so the design and operation of the social system of socialist countries must be based on the realization of political emancipation of people and social justice. The aim is to implement political democracy as the core and promote the development of social productive forces.
The fourth chapter discusses Lenin's theory and Practice on the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin not only has rich ideas but also attaches great importance to practice in the moral construction of the ruling party. He has gained a lot of experience in the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin emphasized that the ruling party must obey the will of the people and the will of the collective and insist on collective leadership; Lenin advocated the style of seeking truth from facts. He believed that the ruling party must adhere to all proceeding from reality, speaking big words, falsehoods and exaggeration is a serious moral defect. Lenin also emphasized that the ruling party should keep in close contact with the people, fully believe in the masses and integrate with them, which is also a special moral requirement for the ruling party.
The fifth chapter summarizes the theory and practice of Lenin's social moral construction. It is also an important part of Lenin's political and ethical thought to promote the development of socialism by strengthening social moral education. Lenin clearly put forward the concept of "communist morality" as the guiding principle and guideline of social morality construction in socialist countries of the Soviet Union. The Communist moral culture tempered the moral character of communism and carried forward the communist spirit of labor.
Chapter 6 summarizes the characteristics and contemporary significance of Lenin's political ethics.Lenin's political ethics is critical, practical and innovative.Today, Lenin's political ethics is still our precious spiritual wealth.His ethical concern for the political subject and his just pursuit of the political system. Harmonious handling of state and social relations is of great theoretical and practical significance to the ruling of the Communist Party of China.
Lenin's political and ethical thought is a rich cultural heritage. Although today, the world situation is constantly changing; after Lenin, the socialist countries of the Soviet Union also have many fates. It can never be forgotten by the historical dust. Especially in the development of Chinese socialism, the enlightenment and reference significance of Lenin's political ethics can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A821.6;B82-09
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