中国共产党执政方式的历史演进与思考

发布时间：2018-08-30 15:54

【摘要】：执政方式是党的执政能力建设中的一个重要组成部分，深化对党的执政方式的研究对于提高党的执政能力具有至关重要的意义。执政方式反映的是作为执政主体的党在特定的客观历史条件下，，适应性地选择自身与国家政权的运作模式的过程。中国共产党是一个拥有长期执政历史、富有丰富执政经验、与时俱进不断追求理论创新、站在时代发展前列的先进政党，面对执政环境的剧变，肩负历史重任的党如何应对变化，完善和发展自己的执政方式呢？党的执政历史是一座巨大的历史宝库，对党的执政方式演变历史的深刻总结、思考不仅可以回顾党为执政方式的不断的发展而走过的艰辛历程，而且能够通过历史的面纱使党把握住党的执政方式演变的规律性、不断推进党的执政方式。本论文按照党执政的历史脉络再现党的执政方式历史演进的过程，然后再以党执政方式演进的整个进程和执政方式的内涵为维度，对党的执政方式历史演进进行思考。论文由引言和正文两大部分构成。引言部分简要叙述了论文选题的意义、目前的研究状况、研究思路以及研究方法；正文是论文的主体部分，具体细化为三个部分：第一部分：执政方式的基本理论概述。主要介绍了与论文写作相关的概念—执政方式和执政方式的类型；第二部分：中国共产党执政方式的历史演进过程。依据“大时期”概括、“小阶段”细分的思路，将党的执政方式历史演进的时期划分为局部执政（1931—1949）与全国执政（1949—至今）两个大的历史时期。然后按照党执政的历史脉络细分和描述了党在各个执政阶段的执政方式。局部执政时期为党的执政方式的开创和探索阶段，具体展开为：“工农民主政权”时期（1927—1937），党以正确原则为指导直接运作国家政权；“抗日民主政权”时期（1937—1945），党合理规范党政关系和“一元化”领导体制的初步形成；“人民民主政权”时期（1945—1949），党的“一元化”领导体制的强化。全国执政时期是党的执政方式确立与曲折发展、完善的阶段，具体细分、描述为：建国初期（1949—1952）党和国家政权之间关系的健康发展，社会主义改造和社会主义建设时期（1953—1966），党的执政方式开始偏离正确轨道，逐步走向“边缘化”，“文化大革命”时期（1966—1976），党的执政方式遭受重创、严重畸变及改革开放（1978—至今）以来党的执政方式的跨越与发展。第三部分：党的执政方式演进历程与发展趋向的思考。对党的执政方式历史演进的轨迹叙述清楚后，接下来就是要对历史的思考，思考既要总结过去、立足现实，又要放眼未来，因此这部分具体论述为：党的执政方式历史演进的特点——动态性与相对稳定性的统一；党的执政方式发展的三个趋向：以规范党政关系为基点；以人民当家作主为导向；以法治化为路径。
[Abstract]:The ruling mode is an important part in the construction of the Party's ruling ability, and it is of vital significance to deepen the research on the ruling way of the Party to improve the ruling ability of the Party. The ruling mode reflects the process that the Party, as the main body of power, adaptively chooses its own operation mode and that of the state power under the specific objective historical conditions. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is an advanced political party with a long governing history, rich ruling experience, constantly pursuing theoretical innovation with the times, and standing at the forefront of the development of the times, facing the dramatic changes in the ruling environment. How to cope with the changes, perfect and develop its own way of governing? The ruling history of the Party is a huge historical treasure house. The profound summary of the evolution history of the Party's ruling mode can not only review the arduous course that the Party has gone through for the continuous development of the ruling mode. Moreover, it can make the Party grasp the law of the evolution of the Party's ruling mode and push forward the ruling way of the Party through the veil of history. According to the historical context of the Party's ruling, this paper reproduces the historical evolution process of the Party's ruling mode, and then takes the whole process of the Party's ruling mode's evolution and the connotation of the ruling mode as the dimension to think about the historical evolution of the party's ruling mode. The thesis consists of two parts: introduction and text. The introduction briefly describes the significance of the topic of the thesis, the current research situation, research ideas and research methods, the main body of the paper, Specific refinement into three parts: the first part: the basic theory of governance. This part mainly introduces the concepts related to the writing of the thesis-the ruling mode and the type of the ruling mode; the second part: the historical evolution of the ruling mode of the Communist Party of China. According to the idea of "big period" and "small stage", the historical evolution period of the Party's ruling mode is divided into two historical periods: partial ruling (1931-1949) and national ruling (1949-present). Then, according to the historical context of the Party's ruling, it describes the ruling mode of the Party in each stage of the ruling. The period of partial governance is the pioneering and exploring stage of the ruling mode of the Party, which is concretely carried out in the period of "the democratic regime of workers and peasants" (1927-1937), in which the Party directly operates the state power under the guidance of correct principles; During the period of "Anti-Japanese Democratic regime" (1937-1945), the Party reasonably regulated the relations between the Party and the government and the "unified" leadership system formed initially; in the period of "people's Democratic regime" (1945-1949), the Party's "unified" leadership system was strengthened. The ruling period of the whole country is the stage of the establishment and tortuous development and perfection of the ruling mode of the Party. The concrete subdivision is described as the healthy development of the relationship between the Party and the state power in the early period of the founding of the people's Republic of China (1949-1952). In the period of socialist transformation and socialist construction (1953-1966), the ruling mode of the Party began to deviate from the correct track and gradually moved to "marginalization". During the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1976), the Party's ruling mode was severely damaged. Serious distortion and the leapfrogging and development of the Party's ruling style since the reform and opening up (1978-present). The third part: the evolution course and development trend of the Party's ruling mode. After a clear description of the track of the historical evolution of the Party's way of governing, the next step is to reflect on history and think about the past, to base itself on reality, and to look to the future. Therefore, this part concretely discusses the characteristics of the historical evolution of the Party's ruling mode, the unity of dynamic and relative stability, the three trends of the development of the Party's ruling mode: to standardize the relationship between the Party and the government, to take the people as the master of the country, and to take the people as the leader of the country; To rule by law as the path.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D25

【参考文献】