马克思人的自由全面发展理论及其现实观照
发布时间：2018-09-03 10:43
【摘要】：作为人学史乃至整个人类思想史上的宝贵财富,马克思主义自诞生之日起,就把人的发展问题置于重要地位。马克思主义人学十分关注人的生存状况和现实境遇,马克思本人通过对资本主义条件下人的发展日趋片面的困境的揭露和分析,极富卓识地指出了人的发展的价值追求和最终方向——自由全面地发展。可以说,这是整个人学史对人的发展前途最完美的蓝图描绘。当代中国,人们一度把人的发展简单理解为物质的绝对丰富和经济的快速发展,却忽视了单纯的财富增长给生态环境带来的压力,忽视了社会发展与人的发展的平衡,也就实际忽视了人作为目的本身的真正发展。人的发展有自由、全面的要求,而现实条件却并未能满足和实现这一要求,甚至走向相反的方向,这个时候,我们需要把目光投向马克思主义人学。用马克思关于人的自由全面发展理论来审视和反思当下人的发展状况,论证其原因,探索其路径,不失为一种合理的选择。论文以问题为导向,坚持文本研究与现实观照相结合,科学原则与价值原则相统一展开研究,考察了马克思人的自由全面发展理论的思想渊源、形成过程,着重阐述了该理论的基本内容:在人与自然方面表现为人的劳动能力的不断提高;在人与社会方面表现为人的社会关系的全面丰富;在人与自身方面表现为需求的充分满足和个性的自由发展。总结了当前我国在人的发展方面所面临的主要矛盾和问题:在人与自然的关系上,一方面人们改造自然的能力大幅增强,另一方面也造成了人与自然关系的恶化;在人与社会的关系上,一方面人的社会性越来越丰富,另一方面人的能力却日趋片面;在人与自身的关系上,一方面人的个性发展相对自由,另一方面人的思想、心理矛盾突出。最后在该理论的观照下,为促进人的自由全面发展的实践路径展开了一些思考和探究。
[Abstract]:As a precious wealth in the history of human studies and the whole history of human thought, Marxism has placed the development of human beings in an important position since its birth. Marxist anthropology pays great attention to the living conditions and realistic circumstances of human beings. Marx himself exposed and analyzed the increasingly one-sided predicament of human development under the capitalist conditions. It also points out the value pursuit and final direction of human development-free and comprehensive development. It can be said that this is the entire history of human development of the most perfect blueprint for the future. In contemporary China, people once understood the development of human beings as absolute abundance of material and rapid development of economy, but ignored the pressure on ecological environment brought by pure growth of wealth, and neglected the balance between social development and human development. It also ignores the real development of human being as the aim itself. The development of human beings has the requirement of freedom and comprehensive, but the realistic condition can not satisfy and realize this demand, even go in the opposite direction. At this time, we need to look to Marxist humanism. It is a reasonable choice to use Marx's theory of human's free and all-round development to examine and reflect on the present situation of human's development, to prove its reasons, and to explore its path. The thesis is problem-oriented, adheres to the combination of text research and realistic view, unifies the scientific principle and the value principle, and examines the ideological origin and forming process of Marx's theory of free and all-round development of human beings. The basic contents of the theory are described emphatically: the continuous improvement of human's labor ability in the aspect of man and nature, the comprehensive enrichment of human's social relationship in the aspect of man and society; In terms of people and themselves, the full satisfaction of needs and the free development of personality. This paper summarizes the main contradictions and problems in the development of human beings in our country at present: on the one hand, the ability of people to transform nature is greatly enhanced, on the other hand, it also causes the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature; In the relationship between people and society, on the one hand, people's sociality is becoming richer and richer, on the other hand, people's abilities are becoming more and more one-sided; in the relationship between people and themselves, on the one hand, people's personality develops relatively freely, on the other hand, people's thoughts, Psychological contradictions stand out. Finally, under the view of the theory, some thoughts and explorations are carried out for the practical path of promoting the free and all-round development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81
[Abstract]:As a precious wealth in the history of human studies and the whole history of human thought, Marxism has placed the development of human beings in an important position since its birth. Marxist anthropology pays great attention to the living conditions and realistic circumstances of human beings. Marx himself exposed and analyzed the increasingly one-sided predicament of human development under the capitalist conditions. It also points out the value pursuit and final direction of human development-free and comprehensive development. It can be said that this is the entire history of human development of the most perfect blueprint for the future. In contemporary China, people once understood the development of human beings as absolute abundance of material and rapid development of economy, but ignored the pressure on ecological environment brought by pure growth of wealth, and neglected the balance between social development and human development. It also ignores the real development of human being as the aim itself. The development of human beings has the requirement of freedom and comprehensive, but the realistic condition can not satisfy and realize this demand, even go in the opposite direction. At this time, we need to look to Marxist humanism. It is a reasonable choice to use Marx's theory of human's free and all-round development to examine and reflect on the present situation of human's development, to prove its reasons, and to explore its path. The thesis is problem-oriented, adheres to the combination of text research and realistic view, unifies the scientific principle and the value principle, and examines the ideological origin and forming process of Marx's theory of free and all-round development of human beings. The basic contents of the theory are described emphatically: the continuous improvement of human's labor ability in the aspect of man and nature, the comprehensive enrichment of human's social relationship in the aspect of man and society; In terms of people and themselves, the full satisfaction of needs and the free development of personality. This paper summarizes the main contradictions and problems in the development of human beings in our country at present: on the one hand, the ability of people to transform nature is greatly enhanced, on the other hand, it also causes the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature; In the relationship between people and society, on the one hand, people's sociality is becoming richer and richer, on the other hand, people's abilities are becoming more and more one-sided; in the relationship between people and themselves, on the one hand, people's personality develops relatively freely, on the other hand, people's thoughts, Psychological contradictions stand out. Finally, under the view of the theory, some thoughts and explorations are carried out for the practical path of promoting the free and all-round development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81
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