“马克思与现代性批判”研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 18:02
【摘要】：“现代性”是马克思思想的本源性的理论视域，“现代性批判”是马克思的思想主题，也是马克思的实践课题。马克思现代性批判的最终价值旨向是实现人的“自由”、“解放”、“全面发展”。因而，剖析、诊断“现代性”的历史命运，肯定、继承“现代性”的历史成果，批判、扬弃“现代性”的历史形态，思考、发现人类解放的“现实性”的历史道路就成了马克思现代性批判的基本关怀。 考察马克思的一生及其思想发展历程，我们可以发现，“诗歌”、“资本”和“历史”是理解马克思思想的关键词和经纬线。这三个关键词对应于人的“情”、“知”、“意”心意结构，分别构成了马克思的感性学（或美学）、逻辑学、伦理学。因而，对马克思的“现代性批判”问题所进行的研究也应该在由“诗歌”、“资本”和“历史”构成的“现代性问题关联域”中进行整体的考察。由此，马克思的现代性批判也就有了三个基本的维度或层面：即“体验的现代性批判”、“反思的现代性批判”和“实践的现代性批判”。 以“诗歌”为中心所进行的现代性批判构成了马克思的“体验的现代性批判”。这种考察的意义在于，它是将马克思作为一个“感性地”、“个体地“、“历史地”、“激情地”存在并生活于资本主义社会现实中的“人”，而不是一个“无表情”、“无面孔”的思想的机器；它有助于我们在“整体马克思”的意义上把握马克思思想的生成和发展过程，并揭示出马克思青年时代的诗歌及其诗意世界观对于马克思思想的始源性意义。“体验的现代性批判”是马克思现代性批判的“诗意的形态”和“美学的完成”。 以“资本”为中心所进行的现代性批判，构成了马克思的“反思的现代性批判”的主要内容。“资本”作为资本主义社会的内在灵魂、建构原则，是现代性问题的隐秘症结。马克思扬弃诗意世界观、“转向现实本身寻求真理”所进行的“对尘世的批判”、“对法的批判”，“对政治的批判”乃至于“对哲学的批判”，最终都归结于对“资本”的批判。通过“反思的现代性批判”，马克思建立起了历史唯物主义世界观、论证了科学共产主义思想、完成了“实践观点的思维方式”的哲学革命，哲学从此成为“力求成为现实”的“为历史服务的哲学”。这是马克思现代性批判的“思想的形态”和“逻辑的完成”。 以“历史”为中心所进行的现代性批判，构成了马克思的“实践的现代性批判”。正如马克思所说，“哲学家们只是用不同的方式解释世界，而问题在于改变世界”。只是“在思想中”完成现代性批判还不能够真正地批判现代性。“人类解放”也不是在思想中“解放人类”，而只有实现人类的现实解放才能现实地实现人类解放。“要扬弃私有财产的思想，有思想上的共产主义就完全够了。而要扬弃现实的私有财产，则必须有现实的共产主义行动。”而“历史”向“世界历史”的转变和形成，，将会最终带来这种共产主义行动，并最终由“世界历史性”地联合起来的解放主体——无产阶级——解放全人类。这是马克思现代性批判的“实践的形态”和“历史的完成”。 马克思的现代性批判最终以“历史发现”和“历史行动”为中心，在共产主义的行动的、实践的现代性批判中，实现私有财产的积极扬弃，在现实的无产阶级运动中，实现人类的最终解放。 因而，马克思的“现代性批判”以及“人类解放”的共产主义理想的最终形成和最后实现乃是基于以下路径：兴于诗（入世之诗与现代性体验）、立于思（资本之思与现代性分析）、成于行（实践之史与现代性批判）。以“现代性”批判与“人类解放”追求为中心，揭示马克思现代性批判的三个基本维度，能够把握马克思科学共产主义思想和历史唯物主义世界观的美学的、逻辑的、历史的生成，从而更深刻地理解和阐述马克思的思想贡献、哲学变革和“致力于人类解放”的共产主义历史实践。
[Abstract]:"Modernity" is the theoretical horizon of the origin of Marx's thought. "Criticism of modernity" is the ideological theme of Marx and the practical subject of Marx. To affirm, inheriting the historical achievements of "modernity", criticizing, sublating the historical form of "modernity" and Pondering over the historical road of "realism" of human liberation have become the basic concern of Marx's criticism of modernity.
We can find that "poetry", "capital" and "history" are the keywords and longitude and latitude lines to understand Marx's thought. These three keywords correspond to the mental structure of "feeling", "knowledge" and "meaning", which constitute Marx's sensibility (or aesthetics), logic and ethics respectively. Therefore, the study of Marx's "Critique of Modernity" should also be carried out in the "Relevant Domain of Modernity Issues" composed of "Poetry", "Capital" and "History". Thus, Marx's criticism of modernity has three basic dimensions or levels: the "Critique of Experienced Modernity". "The criticism of modernity of reflection" and "the critique of modernity in practice".
The modernity criticism centered on "poetry" constitutes Marx's "experiential criticism of modernity". The significance of this investigation lies in that it regards Marx as a "person" who exists and lives in the reality of capitalist society "sensibly", "individually", "historically", "passionately" instead of a "person". The machine of the thought of "expressionless" and "no face"; it helps us to grasp the generation and development of Marx's thought in the sense of "holistic Marx", and reveals the original meaning of Marx's youth poetry and poetic world outlook on Marx's thought. "Critique of modernity of experience" is Marx's thought. The "poetic form" of Modernity Criticism and the completion of aesthetics.
The criticism of modernity centered on "capital" constitutes the main content of Marx's "criticism of reflective modernity". As the inner soul of capitalist society, the construction principle of "capital" is the secret crux of modernity. Marx sublated the poetic world outlook and turned to reality itself to seek truth. "Criticism of the world", "Criticism of the law", "Criticism of politics" and even "Criticism of philosophy" are all attributed to the criticism of "capital". The philosophical revolution of the way of dimension has since turned philosophy into a "philosophy serving history" of "striving to become reality", which is the "ideological form" and "logical completion" of Marx's criticism of modernity.
The criticism of modernity centered on "history" constitutes Marx's "practical criticism of modernity". As Marx said, "philosophers only interpret the world in different ways, but the problem lies in changing the world". It is impossible to really criticize modernity only by completing the criticism of modernity in thought. The emancipation of mankind is not emancipating mankind in the mind, but realizing the emancipation of mankind in reality is the only way to realize the emancipation of mankind. The transformation and formation of world history will eventually bring about this kind of Communist action, and eventually emancipate all mankind from the proletariat, the subject of emancipation united by "world history". This is the "form of practice" and "completion of history" of Marx's criticism of modernity.
Marx's criticism of modernity finally centers on "historical discovery" and "historical action", realizes the positive sublation of private property in the criticism of Communist action and practical modernity, and realizes the ultimate emancipation of mankind in the real proletarian movement.
Therefore, Marx's "criticism of modernity" and the ultimate formation and Realization of the communist ideal of "human emancipation" are based on the following paths: poetry (the poetry of joining the WTO and the experience of modernity), thinking (the thought of capital and the analysis of modernity), acting (the history of practice and the criticism of modernity). Criticism and criticism of "modernity" The pursuit of human emancipation is centered on revealing the three basic dimensions of Marx's criticism of modernity, so as to grasp the aesthetic, logical and historical generation of Marx's scientific communist thought and historical materialist world outlook, and thus to understand and expound Marx's ideological contribution, philosophical change and "devoting ourselves to human emancipation" Communist historical practice.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B03;A811
本文编号：2222932
[Abstract]:"Modernity" is the theoretical horizon of the origin of Marx's thought. "Criticism of modernity" is the ideological theme of Marx and the practical subject of Marx. To affirm, inheriting the historical achievements of "modernity", criticizing, sublating the historical form of "modernity" and Pondering over the historical road of "realism" of human liberation have become the basic concern of Marx's criticism of modernity.
We can find that "poetry", "capital" and "history" are the keywords and longitude and latitude lines to understand Marx's thought. These three keywords correspond to the mental structure of "feeling", "knowledge" and "meaning", which constitute Marx's sensibility (or aesthetics), logic and ethics respectively. Therefore, the study of Marx's "Critique of Modernity" should also be carried out in the "Relevant Domain of Modernity Issues" composed of "Poetry", "Capital" and "History". Thus, Marx's criticism of modernity has three basic dimensions or levels: the "Critique of Experienced Modernity". "The criticism of modernity of reflection" and "the critique of modernity in practice".
The modernity criticism centered on "poetry" constitutes Marx's "experiential criticism of modernity". The significance of this investigation lies in that it regards Marx as a "person" who exists and lives in the reality of capitalist society "sensibly", "individually", "historically", "passionately" instead of a "person". The machine of the thought of "expressionless" and "no face"; it helps us to grasp the generation and development of Marx's thought in the sense of "holistic Marx", and reveals the original meaning of Marx's youth poetry and poetic world outlook on Marx's thought. "Critique of modernity of experience" is Marx's thought. The "poetic form" of Modernity Criticism and the completion of aesthetics.
The criticism of modernity centered on "capital" constitutes the main content of Marx's "criticism of reflective modernity". As the inner soul of capitalist society, the construction principle of "capital" is the secret crux of modernity. Marx sublated the poetic world outlook and turned to reality itself to seek truth. "Criticism of the world", "Criticism of the law", "Criticism of politics" and even "Criticism of philosophy" are all attributed to the criticism of "capital". The philosophical revolution of the way of dimension has since turned philosophy into a "philosophy serving history" of "striving to become reality", which is the "ideological form" and "logical completion" of Marx's criticism of modernity.
The criticism of modernity centered on "history" constitutes Marx's "practical criticism of modernity". As Marx said, "philosophers only interpret the world in different ways, but the problem lies in changing the world". It is impossible to really criticize modernity only by completing the criticism of modernity in thought. The emancipation of mankind is not emancipating mankind in the mind, but realizing the emancipation of mankind in reality is the only way to realize the emancipation of mankind. The transformation and formation of world history will eventually bring about this kind of Communist action, and eventually emancipate all mankind from the proletariat, the subject of emancipation united by "world history". This is the "form of practice" and "completion of history" of Marx's criticism of modernity.
Marx's criticism of modernity finally centers on "historical discovery" and "historical action", realizes the positive sublation of private property in the criticism of Communist action and practical modernity, and realizes the ultimate emancipation of mankind in the real proletarian movement.
Therefore, Marx's "criticism of modernity" and the ultimate formation and Realization of the communist ideal of "human emancipation" are based on the following paths: poetry (the poetry of joining the WTO and the experience of modernity), thinking (the thought of capital and the analysis of modernity), acting (the history of practice and the criticism of modernity). Criticism and criticism of "modernity" The pursuit of human emancipation is centered on revealing the three basic dimensions of Marx's criticism of modernity, so as to grasp the aesthetic, logical and historical generation of Marx's scientific communist thought and historical materialist world outlook, and thus to understand and expound Marx's ideological contribution, philosophical change and "devoting ourselves to human emancipation" Communist historical practice.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B03;A811
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