《1844年经济学哲学手稿》主体性思想研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:16

【摘要】：主体性思想是西方哲学中的重要思想,也是马克思哲学研究的重要内容,虽然马克思在其著作中没有明确使用主体性这个词,但其中并不乏关于主体性的论述,这其中又以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)最为集中。在《手稿》中,马克思通过异化劳动对主体性作了阐释。人的主体性与人的实践密切相关,其主要内容是人的劳动主体性,其中包括主体的自主性,能动性和整体性。马克思的主体性思想与西方传统的主体性思想不同,他将实践的概念引入了主客体关系之中,用现实中的人代替意识作为主体,克服了古典哲学主客二分的困境,重建了主客体的统一。马克思肯定了西方传统哲学中主体的能动性,但反对片面的发展主体的能动性。他用实践的观点对主体的能动性进行了解释,指出主体是现实的人,他的能动性受到客观环境的制约,但人的意识在一定意义上来说是自由的,这样,把主体确定为现实的人实现了主体的自由性与必然性的结合；现实的人总是生活在一定历史的条件下,受到历史条件的制约,但人的发展是不断趋向于完满的,因此,把现实的人作为主体也实现了主体的历史性与完满性的结合。人是创造历史的主体,也是社会建设的主体。我国现阶段正处于全面建成小康社会的关键时期,正确认识社会建设的主体,充分发挥其主体性,对中国特色社会主义建设事业具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The thought of subjectivity is not only an important thought in western philosophy, but also an important part of the study of Marxist philosophy. Although Marx did not use the word subjectivity explicitly in his works, there is no lack of exposition on subjectivity. Among them, the manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 (hereinafter referred to as manuscript) was the most concentrated. In manuscripts, Marx interprets subjectivity through alienated labor. Human subjectivity is closely related to human practice, the main content of which is human labor subjectivity, including the autonomy, initiative and integrity of the subject. Marx's subjectivity thought is different from the western traditional subjectivity thought. He introduced the concept of practice into the relationship between subject and object, and took the person in reality as the subject instead of consciousness, which overcame the dilemma of dividing the subject and object of classical philosophy. Reconstructing the unity of subject and object. Marx affirmed the initiative of the subject in the western traditional philosophy, but opposed the unilateral development of the initiative. He explained the subject's initiative from the point of view of practice, pointing out that the subject is a real person, his initiative is restricted by the objective environment, but the human consciousness is free in a certain sense. The man who determines the subject as the reality realizes the combination of the subject's freedom and inevitability; Realistic people always live under certain historical conditions and are restricted by historical conditions, but the development of human beings tends to be perfect. Therefore, taking realistic people as subject also realizes the combination of history and completeness of the subject. Man is the subject of history and the subject of social construction. At the present stage, our country is in the key period of building a well-off society in an all-round way. It is of great significance for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics to correctly understand the main body of social construction and give full play to its subjectivity.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B038;A811

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