马克思为何从政治批判转向社会批判

发布时间：2018-11-10 10:10

【摘要】：市民社会和政治国家的分离是黑格尔的法哲学所要解决的主要问题。通过市民社会和政治国家之外在必然性和内在目的性的结合,黑格尔把问题的解决诉诸理性神学的国家。通过指证黑格尔关于市民社会和政治国家之间外在必然性和内在目的性的二律背反以及对其结合方式的神秘同一性的批判,马克思指明了在黑格尔法哲学中所存在的市民社会和政治国家分离的两个维度,即特殊利益和普遍利益的分离以及世俗社会与政治社会的分离。通过对这两个维度的批判,马克思重构了市民社会和政治国家的关系,指明了市民社会的基础地位,同时把所有分离和矛盾的根源导回到市民社会自身,转化为在社会批判的层面上解决这个问题,从而实现了从政治批判向社会批判的转向。
[Abstract]:The separation of civil society and political state is the main problem of Hegel's philosophy of law. Through the combination of necessity and internal purpose outside civil society and political state, Hegel resorts to rational theology to solve problems. By pointing out Hegel's criticism of the external necessity and internal purpose between civil society and political state and the mysterious identity of its combination, Marx pointed out the two dimensions of the separation of civil society and political state in Hegel's philosophy of law, namely, the separation of special interests and universal interests, and the separation of secular society and political society. By criticizing these two dimensions, Marx reconstructs the relationship between civil society and political state, points out the basic status of civil society, and at the same time leads all the sources of separation and contradiction back to the civil society itself. It is transformed into solving this problem on the level of social criticism, thus realizing the turn from political criticism to social criticism.
【作者单位】：杭州师范大学马克思主义学院;南京大学哲学系;浙江工业大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“施蒂纳新人学思想研究”(编号:14YJC720010) 浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地(浙江省中国特色社会主义理论研究中心)(编号:2014M560418)
【分类号】：A81;D032

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