科学发展观“以人为本”的多维分析

发布时间：2018-12-19 14:40

【摘要】：科学发展观的“以人为本”思想有其特定的主体性内涵、价值取向与重大实践意义。其主体性内涵是：其一，主体“人”是在社会中现实存在的人。西方人本主义思想对主体内涵的诠释大致分为两派，一派是以康德、黑格尔为主的把人的理性、人的绝对精神当作人的存在本质；另一派是以费尔巴哈为主的把人的自然性和被动的“类”属性当作人的存在本质。两派皆脱离社会而存在，与现实的人相去甚远。其二，主体“人”是社会全体成员。毛泽东的群众史观孕育于革命战争和社会初期建设之中，群众史观中主体“人”往往紧跟历史形势，在不同阶段中具有不同阶级范畴，始终摆脱不了阶级斗争的影子，与当代中国的社会现实不符。其三，主体“人”是社会实践的主体，亦是社会实践的价值目的。中国传统民本思想中的“民”为“以民为本”的道德主体，是社会阶级划分后形成的阶层性“类群体”概念，传统民本思想虽然动摇了蒙昧时期“神”“帝”至高无上的地位，但只作为治国方略的道德高度存在，无社会实际意义。“以人为本”的价值取向涉及到以“人的什么”为本这个问题。中国传统民本思想从人的修身、人的教育、人的衣食需要来谈，具有相当大的局限性。西方人本主义则高举自由旗帜，把人的“民主”“平等”等普世价值追求抽象到了极致反而变成虚幻的东西。革命与建设时期的群众史观认为要以“人民的根本利益”为本，然而因为历史环境的影响，“利益”被广泛理解为“生存需要”的物质财富，而一定程度上轻视了人更深层次的精神追求。当代“以人为本”是科学发展观的核心思想，结合中国特设社会主义建设的实际情况和发展目标，，既要求以人的社会生存需要，人的政治、精神和文化权益为本，又要求以人主动创造的实践活动为主，更要求以人的全面自由的发展为主。科学发展观的“以人为本”思想具有重大实践意义。首先，“以人为本”在坚持马克思主义的基础上，将“唯物”与“人本”有机结合起来。其次，贯彻“以人为本”思想能够促进民生问题的落实，更进一步维护好人民的根本利益。再次，“以人为本”思想促进了社会主义和谐社会的建设，全面加快了人的全面自由的发展的进程。
[Abstract]:The idea of "people-oriented" of the scientific development view has its specific subjective connotation, value orientation and great practical significance. Its subjective connotation is as follows: first, the subject "man" is the person who exists in the society. The interpretation of the connotation of the subject in western humanism is divided into two schools. One is that Kant and Hegel mainly regard human rationality and absolute spirit as the essence of human being. The other is Feuerbach who regards the nature of man and the passive attribute of "class" as the essence of human being. Both schools of thought exist out of society, far from the real world. Second, the subject "man" is a member of the whole society. Mao Zedong's view of mass history was conceived in the revolutionary war and the initial construction of society. The main body of the concept of mass history, "man", often followed the historical situation closely, had different class categories in different stages, and could not get rid of the shadow of class struggle. It is inconsistent with the social reality of contemporary China. Third, the subject "human" is the subject of social practice and the value purpose of social practice. The "people" in the Chinese traditional people-oriented thought is the moral subject of "people-oriented" and the concept of "class group" formed after the social class division. Although the traditional people-oriented thought has shaken the supreme position of "god" and "emperor" in the period of ignorance, But the moral height exists only as the general strategy of governing the country, and has no social practical significance. The value orientation of "people-oriented" involves the question of "what is human". The traditional Chinese people-oriented thought has some limitations, such as the cultivation of people, the education of people, and the need of people's food and clothing. Western humanism holds high the banner of freedom and abstracts the pursuit of universal values such as democracy and equality to the utmost and turns them into illusory things. The historical view of the masses during the period of revolution and construction thought that the basic interests of the people should be taken as the foundation. However, because of the influence of the historical environment, the "interests" were widely understood as the material wealth of "survival needs". To some extent, it belittles the deeper spiritual pursuit. "People-oriented" is the core thought of the scientific development view. Combining with the actual situation and development goal of China's special socialist construction, it is necessary to take the social survival needs of human beings, political, spiritual and cultural rights and interests of human beings as the basis. It also requires the active creation of the practice activities, but also the overall and free development of human beings. It is of great practical significance to put people first in view of scientific development. First of all, "people-oriented" on the basis of Marxism, will be "materialistic" and "people-oriented" organic combination. Secondly, the implementation of "people-oriented" ideology can promote the implementation of livelihood issues, and further safeguard the fundamental interests of the people. Thirdly, the idea of "people-oriented" promotes the construction of socialist harmonious society and speeds up the development of man's all-round freedom.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D61;B038

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