试论马克思主义的平等观

发布时间：2019-03-07 19:35

【摘要】：Marx最重要的思想一是历史唯物主义，一是唯物辩证法。这两方面的思想看似是讨论社会发展中物的重要作用，而实际在更深层次上，是在讨论人与人之间的关系，想要解决的问题实际是人的问题。Engels在《致约·布洛赫》就已经解释过他们过多的提及经济方面的作用并不是忽略上层建筑，恰恰相反，他们很重视思想文化对于世界的影响。但当时由于正是人们忽略了经济基础对世界的推动他们才过多的讨论经济基础的作用。由此可见，Marx和恩格斯过多的强调物质的推动作用是与当时的社会思想背景有关，他们是十分重视人的问题的。马克思主义的平等观具体讨论的就是人与人之间的关系问题。马克思主义的平等观脱胎于资本主义社会的不平等现实，资本主义虚伪的平等主要体现在用人权的外衣包裹其丑陋的外表、用法律的外衣将其装点成神圣制度、空谈平等的理论而没有真正给人民以实质的平等、将平等等同于正义的概念为其不合理的资本主义社会的特权现象做辩护，这些都充分展现了资本主义社会平等的虚伪性和抽象性。Marx极恩格斯理性地分析了资本主义社会所谓平等的虚伪，并且从历史唯物主义的角度提出了科学的平等观，建立起无产阶级的平等观，指出平等是历史发展的产物，有其深厚的客观物质基础。随着我们社会经济的高速发展，，社会中出现的各种不平等问题也开始接踵而至，社会成员之间收入差距日趋加大、城乡收入差距拉大、区域之间收入差距不平衡、行业之间收入差距巨大，除此以外社会的法制建设面临新的挑战，社会道德与社会价值观在重塑过程中受到不断的挑战。在这样的情况下平等问题成了这些年社会讨论的一个热点话题。虽然Marx已经不是我们这个时代的人，但是马克思主义的理论是一个开放的不断向前发展的理论，它并没有因为时间的推移而丧失其活性。今天我们的社会现象仍然可以用马克思主义来进行分析，虽然社会在不断变更，但正如Marx所说的社会发展的根本动力是社会生产力，所以我们只要紧扣生产力、生产关系与社会发展的平等问题的辩证关系就可以深刻的分析社会发展中出现的各种不平等现象及其原因。因此马克思主义的平等观对于我们要解决当前社会的效率与公平问题是十分有实践意义的。
[Abstract]:The most important thought of Marx is historical materialism and materialist dialectics. These two aspects of thinking seem to be discussing the important role of things in social development, but in fact, at a deeper level, they are discussing the relationship between people. The problem to be solved is actually the problem of human beings. Engels has explained that their excessive reference to the role of the economy is not to ignore superstructures, but rather to attach great importance to the influence of ideology and culture on the world. But it was because people ignored the economic foundation of the world that they discussed the role of the economic base too much. It can be seen that Marx and Engels put too much emphasis on the promotion of material is related to the social and ideological background at that time, they attach great importance to the problem of human beings. Marxist view of equality specifically discusses the relationship between people. The Marxist view of equality is rooted in the unequal reality of capitalist society, and the hypocritical equality of capitalism is mainly embodied in wrapping its ugly appearance with the coat of human rights and embellishing it as a sacred system with the coat of law. Talking about the theory of equality without really giving the people substantive equality, and justifying the concept of equality as justice justifies the privileged phenomenon of its unreasonable capitalist society. All of these fully show the hypocrisy and abstraction of equality in capitalist society. Marx extremely Engels rationally analyzed the so-called hypocrisy of equality in capitalist society, and put forward a scientific view of equality from the angle of historical materialism. Based on the view of equality of the proletariat, it is pointed out that equality is the product of historical development and has its profound objective material basis. With the rapid development of our social economy, various inequalities in society have begun to ensue. The income gap among members of the society is increasing day by day, the income gap between urban and rural areas is widening, and the income gap between regions is uneven. The income gap between industries is huge. In addition, the legal construction of the society faces new challenges, and the social morality and social values are constantly challenged in the process of rebuilding. Under such circumstances, the issue of equality has become a hot topic of social discussion in recent years. Although Marx is no longer a man of our time, Marxist theory is an open and progressive theory, and it has not lost its activity because of the passage of time. Today, our social phenomena can still be analyzed by Marxism. Although society is constantly changing, the fundamental driving force of social development, as mentioned by Marx, is the social productive forces, so we just have to stick to the productive forces. The dialectical relationship between the relationship of production and the equality of social development can deeply analyze all kinds of inequalities in social development and their causes. Therefore, Marxist view of equality is of great practical significance for us to solve the problems of efficiency and fairness in present society.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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