马克思自由观再认识及现代价值

发布时间：2019-03-29 17:42

【摘要】：人类社会的发展史就是追求自由的历史，，自由是人类一直追求的目标，也是人类不断探索的重要课题。在追求自由的过程中一直伴随着人们对自由与必然关系的认识与探索，但是由于人们所处的社会历史阶级不同、社会背景各异以及个人志趣差异，就出现了人们关于自由与必然关系的不同认识与理解。从西方哲学史来看，哲学家们对自由的认识历史表现出一个由表及里不断深入的过程。马克思的自由观正是在吸取前人思想的基础上，结合当时所处的社会环境，通过不断扬弃前人的自由思想，从而创立了自己的自由观思想。马克思的自由思想的形成，经历了一个具体的历史过程，从思想的萌芽，发展到最后走向成熟，在其中贯穿着马克思对于自由的内涵的理解过程。在马克思哲学思想的体系当中自由问题是非常重要的一部分，对人自身对自由的认识和结合实际对未来社会发展的价值都具有重要的参考价值。本文从马克思自由观的出现与发展的过程开始，解读马克思自由观的在不同的形成过程中所具有的不同特点，分析马克思思想理论对自由的定义以及对自由内涵的解释。通过对马克思主义自由观的研究，全面叙述马克思自由观的现代价值。在当今我国经济社会迅速发展背景下，我们重新审视马克思的自由思想，用以指导我们自身的发展以及在新形势下我国的政治经济发展。本文分为四部分：第一部分主要是对马克思自由观形成的历史回顾及其演进道路的系统考察，以期清晰地把握马克思自由思想从萌芽到成熟的全过程，以揭示马克思自由思想发展、深化的逻辑轨迹。首先论述了马克思自由观形成的理论渊源和社会历史背景，然后阐述了唯物史观形成前后马克思自由观的演进过程。第二、三部分，重点对马克思自由思想的基本内涵和特点进行了论述。分别从自由的主体是现实的人、关于自由的本质规定、马克思自由观的特征以及实现自由的条件和途径进行了论述。马克思关于自由的本质规定包括三个方面：自由是现实的个人创造历史、完成自我实现的活动；自由是人的本质的几种体现；自由是人与自然、社会、自身的和谐统一；自由是真、善、美的统一。马克思自由观建立在实践的基础之上，实践是自由实现的客观基础，是自由之源。第四部分，在分析马克思自由思想内涵的基础上揭示其当代价值。马克思的自由思想对我国构建和谐社会和坚持发展社会主义自由观、对在我国社会主义市场经济条件下实现人的全面发展都具有重要的现代价值。
[Abstract]:The history of the development of human society is the history of pursuing freedom. Freedom is not only the goal that mankind has been pursuing, but also the important subject that human beings continue to explore. The pursuit of freedom has always been accompanied by people's understanding and exploration of the relationship between freedom and necessity, but because of the different social and historical classes in which people live, their social backgrounds are different and their personal aspirations are different. There is a different understanding and understanding of the relationship between freedom and necessity. From the perspective of the history of western philosophy, philosophers' understanding of freedom shows a deep-going process from the surface to the inside. Marx's view of freedom is on the basis of absorbing the thought of predecessors, combining with the social environment at that time, by constantly sublimating and abandoning the thought of freedom of predecessors, thus creating his own idea of freedom. The formation of Marx's thought of freedom has gone through a concrete historical process, from the sprout of thought to the development to maturity at last, which runs through the process of Marx's understanding of the connotation of freedom. In the system of Marx's philosophy, freedom is a very important part, and it has important reference value to human's own understanding of freedom and the value of combining reality to the development of society in the future. This paper begins with the emergence and development of Marx's concept of freedom, analyzes the different characteristics of Marx's view of freedom in different forming processes, and analyzes the definition of freedom and the explanation of the connotation of freedom in Marx's theory of thought. Through the study of Marxist view of freedom, a comprehensive description of the modern value of Marx's view of freedom. Under the background of the rapid development of our country's economy and society, we re-examine Marx's thought of freedom in order to guide our own development and the development of our country's politics and economy under the new situation. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the historical review of the formation of Marx's concept of freedom and the systematic investigation of its evolution path, in order to grasp clearly the whole process of Marx's freedom thought from sprout to maturity. In order to reveal the development of Marx's liberal thought and deepen the logical track. This paper first discusses the theoretical origin and social and historical background of the formation of Marx's concept of freedom, and then expounds the evolution of Marx's view of freedom before and after the formation of materialist conception of history. The second and third part focus on the basic connotation and characteristics of Marx's thought of freedom. This paper discusses the essence of freedom, the characteristics of Marx's view of freedom, and the conditions and ways to realize freedom respectively from the view that the subject of freedom is the real man. Marx's essential stipulation on freedom includes three aspects: freedom is the realistic individual creating history, completing the activities of self-realization; freedom is the embodiment of the essence of man; freedom is the harmonious unity of man and nature, society, and oneself; Freedom is the unity of truth, good and beauty. Marx's view of freedom is based on practice, which is the objective basis and source of freedom. The fourth part, on the basis of analyzing the connotation of Marx's thought of freedom, reveals its contemporary value. Marx's thought of freedom is of great modern value to the construction of a harmonious society and to the development of socialist freedom in our country, and to the realization of the all-round development of human beings under the condition of socialist market economy in our country.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811

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