马克思市民社会理论视阈下网络公共领域治理

发布时间：2019-04-21 16:26

【摘要】：网络公共领域在技术的推动下走入历史舞台,但是作为推动要素的“技术决定论”却在其甚嚣尘上之时失去了解释力。市民社会作为一个缘起于西方的概念,经过了古典、现代和当代三个阶段的诠释。马克思对于黑格尔的“市民社会”的概念进行批判的发展,不但揭示了“市民社会”的本质,即市民社会并非只是某种经济上的特殊语句,而是我们正确面对和解释社会转型过程中社会生活变化的重要工具,同时也为我们提供了一种叙事学上的研究方法。这种社会叙事的研究框架以参与主体、制度环境和关系秩序作为逻辑上递进的三要素。在自然空间、社会空间和历史空间所组成的“三重空间”中建构了具有明确的叙事对象、清楚的叙事线索和固定的叙事方式的关于市民社会的社会叙事研究框架。由于“脱域机制”的存在,中国的网络公共领域从公共领域中脱离出来成为一个相对独立的域面。脱离出来的网络公共领域依然具备有公共领域的一般特点,即：在这个域面之上有一群具有独立思考精神的网民；网络社交媒体的成熟保证了他们能够进行畅通的交流；而网络公共领域形成的共识和公共舆论能够作用于现实,并且改造现实。在全球的现代性视角中,中国的市民社会虽然没有按照西方的经典道路一步一步发展,但在“时间”和“空间”被置换的网络空间找到了新的生长点。这样的回归分析,为生产叙事到生活叙事提供了一种可能性。在市民社会理论下,以马克思的社会叙事框架进行现实检查,首先讨论了中国的网络公共领域所发生的空间场所和边界问题,而由网络公共领域“自行事”所带来的“自赋困境”与所在虚拟社区交互关系下的“他赋困境”共同带来了中国网络公共领域的表达悖论。由于私人领域与公共领域没有形成明晰分界,“集市模式”的存在又使得市民社会在网络时代面临着“同质相异”和“异质趋同”的矛盾选择,群体极化现象因为中国市民社会的先天不足和后天营养不良带来了文明之外的话语暴力。文化堕距导致了制度的主流话语与网络公共领域的流行话语成为对立的语言系统,叙事的路径依赖在媒介变化性和多样性的变迁中也逐渐变化。媒介话语空间的流变也给网络文化提供了多样的选择,从而生产化生活和生活化生产的具体叙事机制都在不断地自我重新感知和适应。为了整理网络公共领域社会叙事的逻辑,我们重新回到社会叙事研究框架下研究市民社会的几个要素,即主体行为、制度环境和价值规范。并以它们为基础,借助镜像理论,在案例中找寻理论的真实反映,找出中国网络公共领域的现实问题,并对其原因进行分析。基于合乎逻辑的动力,我们希望在整理好的逻辑中获取更实际的现实操作意义,即如何在中国网络公共领域的治理中推进中国的市民社会构建。首先从社会叙事入手,发现市民社会理论的真理性；根据真理和实践之间的关系推导,探索市民社会理论的实践意义。其次,在唯物史观的视域下,从实践中的人(中观层面)、交往中的人(微观层面)和历史中的人(宏观层面)来探讨在通过网络公共领域构建中国市民社会的主体的行为、主体的社会化和主体的发展。最后,从技术操作、主体选择和法治的精神三个维度来构建中国市民社会的硬件基础(发生场所)、主体的行为和行为所应遵循的秩序。
[Abstract]:The public domain of the network goes into the stage of history with the help of technology, but the "technical determinism" that is the driving factor has lost its explanation when it is very arrogant. As a result of the western concept, the civil society has passed the interpretation of the three stages of the classical, modern and contemporary. Marx's critical development of the concept of Hegel's "civil society" not only reveals the essence of the "civil society", that is, the civil society is not just a special kind of economic statement, but it is an important tool for us to correctly face and explain the change of social life in the process of social transformation, At the same time, we provide a kind of narrative research method. The research framework of this kind of social narration takes part in the main body, the system environment and the relation order as the three elements of logic. In the "triple space" of the natural space, the social space and the historical space, the social narrative research framework of the civil society with the clear narrative object, the clear narrative thread and the fixed narrative way is constructed. Due to the existence of the "domain-domain mechanism", the public domain of China's network has become a relatively independent domain from the public domain The public domain of the emerging network still has the general characteristics of the public domain, that is, there is a group of netizens with independent thinking on the surface of this domain; the maturity of the social media of the network ensures that they can make smooth handover The consensus and public opinion formed in the public domain of the network can act on the reality, and the transformation now Real. In the global modernity perspective, the Chinese civil society has not developed in a one-step way according to the western classical path, but new growth is found in the network space where the "time" and the "space" have been replaced Point. This regression analysis provides a possibility for the production of narrative to the narrative of life On the basis of the theory of civil society, the realistic inspection is carried out in the framework of Marx's social narration, and the space and edge in the public domain of China are discussed first. The "He is in a difficult position" brought by the "self-interest" in the public domain of the network and the "self-assigned dilemma" in the interactive relationship of the virtual community brought the table in the public domain of the Chinese network. As a result of the lack of clear demarcation between the private sphere and the public domain, the existence of the "bazaar model" makes the civil society face the "homogeneous dissimilarity" and the "heterogeneous convergence" of the spears in the network age The selection of the shield and the polarization of the population are due to the insufficiencies of the Chinese civil society and the fact that the nurture of the acquired malnutrition has brought about the outside of the civilization As a result of the cultural fall, the mainstream discourse of the system and the popular discourse in the public domain of the network become the opposite language system, and the path dependence of the narration is also one by one in the change of the change of the media and the diversity The change of the media discourse space also provides a variety of choices for the network culture, so the specific narrative mechanism of the production and the living and activation production is constantly re-sensing. In order to sort out the logic of social narration in the public domain of the network, we re-return to the social narrative research framework to study the elements of the civil society, that is, the subject behavior and the system environment. and based on them, by means of the mirror image theory, the real reflection of the theory is found in the case, the real problem in the public domain of the Chinese network is found, As a result of the analysis, based on the logical power, we want to get a more practical sense of practical operation in the well-organized logic, that is, how to advance China in the governance of the public domain of China The construction of the civil society. First of all, we find the real reason of the social theory of the public from the social narration, and to explore the civil society based on the relation between the truth and the practice. Secondly, under the view of historical materialism, the author discusses the behavior and the society of the main body of the Chinese civil society through the public domain of the network, from the people in practice (the mesoscopic level), the people in the communication (the micro-level) and the people in the history (the macro level). Finally, from the three dimensions of the technical operation, the subject selection and the rule of law, the author constructs the hardware foundation of the Chinese civil society (place of occurrence), the behavior and behavior of the main body
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：A811;G206

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