恩格斯自然观与社会主义生态文明建设研究

发布时间：2019-06-17 10:43

【摘要】：自二十世纪七八十年代以来，随着全球气候变暖带来的生态环境问题的日益严重，环境问题日益成为世人关注的一项重大问题。改革开放以来，尤其是近年来，，尽管我国经济取得了高速发展，综合国力得到显著提升，但因此也带来了诸如矿产资源能源日益枯竭、河流湖泊遭到严重污染、物种植被减少、气温升高、雾霾天气大范围长时间存在等生态环境问题，如果我国不与国际一道加大对生态环境问题的有效治理，势必使已经取得的发展成就大打折扣。所有的生态环境问题根本上都是关于人类和自然界的关系问题，作为马克思主义组成部分的恩格斯自然观，就是关于研究人类、社会以及自然界三者关系的科学理论。恩格斯自然观认为，人类生存的地球是一个整体性的生态系统，生存于其中的人类、其他的生命存在物以及自然界是彼此相互联系相互依赖的整体，人类只是这个生命共同体的一部分，不能以人类的生存发展的需要而忽视或者代替其他生命体和自然界的需要和承受能力。人类意识的能动性发挥应该以遵循自然界和其他生物的生存发展规律为前提，不能以地球的主宰者统治者自居而肆意妄为，研究和挖掘恩格斯辩证的丰富的生态自然观，对于我们更好的贯彻落实科学发展观，建设社会主义生态文明，实现美丽中国的奋斗目标都具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。论文探析恩格斯自然观产生的社会背景和理论渊源以及产生的方法论依据，恩格斯自然观和马克思自然观的本质一致性等内容，从历史角度和多个层面对恩格斯自然观加以考察，从而对恩格斯自然观丰富的内涵加深了解，进而使恩格斯自然观对我国社会主义生态文明建设实践起到更好的思想引领和指导。通过对生态文明这种新的社会文明形态相关内容的比较描述，分析生态文明建设的必要性和可行性，以及系统梳理我国改革开放后在生态文明领域的实践探索等内容，阐明改革开放三十多年间，我国取得的经济成就和发展优势的具备为当今更为妥善地解决生态环境问题打下了物质基础，更重点分析和列举了生态环境领域存在的诸多问题，以及对生态环境问题日益严重的缘由进行了学理反思。针对经济发展和环境污染并存的现状，我国进行社会主义生态文明建设主要应从指导思想、监管机制、转变经济发展方式、调整官员政绩考核内容、完善法律法规和制度建设、公民环保意识教育以及开展国际合作等方面加以着手，实现建成美丽中国的伟大目标。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s and 1980s, with the increasing severity of ecological environment problems caused by global warming, environmental problems have increasingly become a major concern of the world. Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, although China's economy has made rapid development and its comprehensive national strength has been significantly improved, it has also brought about ecological and environmental problems, such as the increasing depletion of mineral resources and energy, the serious pollution of rivers and lakes, the reduction of species and vegetation, the rise of temperature, and the existence of haze weather for a long time. It is bound to greatly discount the development achievements that have been made. All the ecological environment problems are basically about the relationship between human beings and nature. Engels' view of nature, as an integral part of Marxism, is about the scientific theory of studying the relationship among human beings, society and nature. Engels' view of nature holds that the earth in which human beings live is a whole ecosystem, in which human beings, other living beings and nature are interrelated and interdependent whole. Human beings are only a part of this life community, and can not ignore or replace the needs and affordability of other life bodies and nature with the needs of human survival and development. The dynamic play of human consciousness should be based on the premise of following the law of survival and development of nature and other creatures, and can not take the ruler of the earth as its own and wantonly do so. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to better implement the scientific concept of development, build socialist ecological civilization and realize the goal of beautiful China by studying and excavating Engels' dialectical and rich view of ecological nature, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to better implement the scientific concept of development, build socialist ecological civilization and realize the goal of beautiful China. This paper analyzes the social background and theoretical origin of Engels' view of nature and the methodological basis of its emergence, and the essential consistency between Engels' view of nature and Marx's view of nature, and investigates Engels' view of nature from a historical point of view and many levels, so as to deepen the understanding of Engels' rich connotation of natural view. Furthermore, Engels' view of nature plays a better role in guiding and guiding the construction of socialist ecological civilization in China. Through the comparative description of the relevant contents of ecological civilization, a new form of social civilization, this paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of ecological civilization construction, and systematically combs the practical exploration in the field of ecological civilization after China's reform and opening up, and expounds that in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the economic achievements and development advantages of our country have laid a material foundation for better solving the problems of ecological environment. This paper analyzes and enumerates many problems existing in the field of ecological environment, and makes a theoretical reflection on the reasons why the ecological environment problems are becoming more and more serious. In view of the coexistence of economic development and environmental pollution, the construction of socialist ecological civilization in China should be carried out mainly from the aspects of guiding ideology, supervision mechanism, changing the mode of economic development, adjusting the contents of official performance assessment, perfecting the construction of laws, regulations and systems, educating citizens' awareness of environmental protection and carrying out international cooperation, so as to achieve the great goal of building a beautiful China.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：A811;D61

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