论列宁国家观的转变
发布时间：2019-06-16 18:18
【摘要】：列宁的国家观不仅对国际共产主义运动和苏俄社会主义革命与建设产生了重大影响,而且对其他国家尤其是中国的社会主义革命和建设也发挥了重要作用。但是,列宁逝世后,斯大林专制极权主义的蔓延,列宁的国家观却遭到了理论和实践的严重扭曲,以至于成了西方自由主义意识形态攻击的对象,尤其是苏东剧变后,连同斯大林专制极权主义一并被大多数人当作历史垃圾予以了彻底否定。唯有中国,不仅一如既往地高举马列主义思想旗帜,而且一直认真看待列宁的国家观对马克思主义国家观的发展,并坚持从列宁的国家观中吸取营养,谋划和推进政治体制改革。以习近平同志为核心的党中央谋划和提出的深入推进中国特色社会主义国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设战略,就是对列宁国家观的一种坚持和发展。但是,理论界对列宁国家观的既有研究和阐发,大都停留于对其观点、结论的阐释和分析,而鲜有关注列宁根据时势和历史情境的变化对其某些观点和结论的转换、调整和重新阐释,从而未能从列宁国家观与时俱进的理论品质上去阐发其具体的观点和结论。这与我党坚持和发展列宁国家观,推进和深化我国政治体制改的实践需要,是严重不相匹配的。因此,对列宁国家观的具体转变过程及其表现展开深入研究,已成为进一步推进列宁国家观的研究和阐释以及充分发挥其在实践中指导作用的关键一环。本文拟对推进这一课题的研究尽一点绵薄之力,并主要从以下几个方面展开:(一)梳理和论述列宁国家观的理论基础。列宁国家观具有其明确的理论来源即马克思恩格斯的国家理论。列宁主要继承了马克思恩格斯的国家本质论、国家职能论、无产阶级专政论以及国家消亡论等主要内容。(二)分析和阐释列宁国家观的具体转变及其表现。列宁国家观的转变主要经历了四个阶段。十月革命前列宁对无产阶级新国家的构想继承了马克思和恩格斯关于未来无产阶级专政国家的构建,明确指出苏维埃是无产阶级专政在俄国的表现形式。十月革命胜利后,列宁把对苏维埃国家的设想从理论变为实践,建立了以人民直接管理国家为代表的社会主义国家政治制度。1918年国内战争爆发后,受战争和苏联落后的经济文化水平的影响,列宁逐渐转变了对苏维埃国家制度的理论认识,从民主走向集中。国内战争结束后,战争中形成的高度集权的政治体制的弊端日渐显露,不能适应当时恢复国民经济的现实需要。为了修复偏离轨道的苏维埃国家体制,列宁晚年进行了新的政治改革构思和尝试,要求改善国家机构运行机制,实行党政分工,试图建立一种新型的社会主义国家发展模式。(三)发掘列宁国家观转变的深层原因。列宁国家观的转变是跟随时代问题在苏俄的具体表现及其变化和自身理论素养的发展而发生的。帝国主义时代的矛盾在苏俄的具体变化,是列宁对国家相关问题作出新的思考和认识的客观原因;而列宁自身对唯物史观理解的深化和完善,则是也促使其对国家相关问题的认识作出新的概括的主观原因。(四)列宁适时调整国家观的启示。列宁对其国家观的适时调整对我们的启示主要表现在:在对国家相关问题的认识须坚持马克思主义与时俱进的理论品质;同时,需要从实践中不断提炼和丰富马克思主义国家理论的内容,以便更好地指导和推进社会主义政治体制改革,从而更好地贯彻和落实我党治国理政的战略决策。
[Abstract]:Lenin's view not only has a great influence on the international communist movement and the socialist revolution and construction of the Soviet-Russia, but also plays an important role in the socialist revolution and construction of other countries, especially China. However, after the death of Lenin, Stalin's totalitarianism has spread, and Lenin's state view has been seriously distorted by the theory and practice, so as to become the object of the western liberal ideology attack, especially after the change of the Soviet Union. Along with stalin's totalitarian totalitarianism, the majority of people were treated as historical rubbish. Only China, as always, holds high the banner of Marxism-Leninism, and has taken a serious view of the development of Lenin's national view on the view of the Marxist state, and insists on drawing up the nutrition, planning and promoting the political system reform from Lenin's national view. The plan of the Party Central Committee, which takes Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, and the strategy for the modernization of the national governance system and the governance capacity of the socialist countries with Chinese characteristics, are a kind of adherence and development to the view of Lenin's state. However, the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view in the theory circle mostly stay in the explanation and analysis of his point of view and conclusion, and few attention is paid to the transformation, adjustment and reinterpretation of some opinions and conclusions of Lenin on the basis of the change of the situation of time and history. Therefore, it is not possible to explain its concrete point of view and conclusion from Lenin's view of the theory of keeping pace with the times. This is a serious mismatch with our Party's adherence to and the development of Lenin's state view, the promotion and deepening of the reform of the political system in our country. Therefore, the study on the specific transformation of Lenin's state view and its performance has become a key part of further promoting the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view and giving full play to its guiding role in practice. This paper intends to make a little effort to study the research of this subject, and mainly from the following aspects: (1) to comb and discuss the theoretical basis of Lenin's state view. Lenin's state view has its clear theoretical source, that is, the national theory of Marx and Engels. Lenin mainly inherited the main contents of the national essence of Marx and Engels, the national function theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat and the theory of the death of the state. (2) Analyze and explain the specific transformation and performance of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is mainly through four stages. The idea of Lenin's new state of the proletariat before the October Revolution has inherited the construction of Marx and Engels about the future of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and made it clear that the Soviet is the manifestation of the dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia. After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin set the idea of the Soviet state from the theory to the practice, and established the socialist national political system represented by the people's direct management. After the outbreak of the internal war in 1918, the influence of the war and the backward economic and cultural level of the Soviet Union, Lenin gradually changed the theoretical understanding of the Soviet state system and concentrated from the democratic trend. After the end of the internal war, the defects of the highly centralized political system formed in the war are becoming more and more exposed, and cannot be adapted to the real needs of the recovery of the national economy at that time. In order to repair the system of the Soviet state deviating from the orbit, Lenin made a new idea and attempt to reform the political reform in his later years, and called for the improvement of the operating mechanism of the State institutions and the division of the work of the Party and government, and an attempt was made to establish a new model of the development of the socialist state. (3) To explore the deep reason of the transition of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is the development of the concrete performance and its change and its own theoretical accomplishment in the Soviet Russia. The contradiction of the imperialist times in the specific change of the Soviet-Russian is the objective reason of Lenin's new thinking and understanding of the relevant problems of the state, and the deepening and perfection of Lenin's understanding of the historical materialism is the subjective cause of the new generalization of the understanding of the relevant problems of the state. (4) The enlightenment of Lenin's timely adjustment of state view. Lenin's timely adjustment to the state view of the country is mainly manifested in the following: in the understanding of the problems related to the state, we must adhere to the theoretical quality of Marxism with the times, and at the same time, it is necessary to continuously refine and enrich the content of the Marxist country theory from the practice. So as to better guide and advance the socialist political system reform, so as to better carry out and implement the strategic decision of the Party's governance of the country.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A82;D03
本文编号：2500726
[Abstract]:Lenin's view not only has a great influence on the international communist movement and the socialist revolution and construction of the Soviet-Russia, but also plays an important role in the socialist revolution and construction of other countries, especially China. However, after the death of Lenin, Stalin's totalitarianism has spread, and Lenin's state view has been seriously distorted by the theory and practice, so as to become the object of the western liberal ideology attack, especially after the change of the Soviet Union. Along with stalin's totalitarian totalitarianism, the majority of people were treated as historical rubbish. Only China, as always, holds high the banner of Marxism-Leninism, and has taken a serious view of the development of Lenin's national view on the view of the Marxist state, and insists on drawing up the nutrition, planning and promoting the political system reform from Lenin's national view. The plan of the Party Central Committee, which takes Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, and the strategy for the modernization of the national governance system and the governance capacity of the socialist countries with Chinese characteristics, are a kind of adherence and development to the view of Lenin's state. However, the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view in the theory circle mostly stay in the explanation and analysis of his point of view and conclusion, and few attention is paid to the transformation, adjustment and reinterpretation of some opinions and conclusions of Lenin on the basis of the change of the situation of time and history. Therefore, it is not possible to explain its concrete point of view and conclusion from Lenin's view of the theory of keeping pace with the times. This is a serious mismatch with our Party's adherence to and the development of Lenin's state view, the promotion and deepening of the reform of the political system in our country. Therefore, the study on the specific transformation of Lenin's state view and its performance has become a key part of further promoting the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view and giving full play to its guiding role in practice. This paper intends to make a little effort to study the research of this subject, and mainly from the following aspects: (1) to comb and discuss the theoretical basis of Lenin's state view. Lenin's state view has its clear theoretical source, that is, the national theory of Marx and Engels. Lenin mainly inherited the main contents of the national essence of Marx and Engels, the national function theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat and the theory of the death of the state. (2) Analyze and explain the specific transformation and performance of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is mainly through four stages. The idea of Lenin's new state of the proletariat before the October Revolution has inherited the construction of Marx and Engels about the future of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and made it clear that the Soviet is the manifestation of the dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia. After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin set the idea of the Soviet state from the theory to the practice, and established the socialist national political system represented by the people's direct management. After the outbreak of the internal war in 1918, the influence of the war and the backward economic and cultural level of the Soviet Union, Lenin gradually changed the theoretical understanding of the Soviet state system and concentrated from the democratic trend. After the end of the internal war, the defects of the highly centralized political system formed in the war are becoming more and more exposed, and cannot be adapted to the real needs of the recovery of the national economy at that time. In order to repair the system of the Soviet state deviating from the orbit, Lenin made a new idea and attempt to reform the political reform in his later years, and called for the improvement of the operating mechanism of the State institutions and the division of the work of the Party and government, and an attempt was made to establish a new model of the development of the socialist state. (3) To explore the deep reason of the transition of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is the development of the concrete performance and its change and its own theoretical accomplishment in the Soviet Russia. The contradiction of the imperialist times in the specific change of the Soviet-Russian is the objective reason of Lenin's new thinking and understanding of the relevant problems of the state, and the deepening and perfection of Lenin's understanding of the historical materialism is the subjective cause of the new generalization of the understanding of the relevant problems of the state. (4) The enlightenment of Lenin's timely adjustment of state view. Lenin's timely adjustment to the state view of the country is mainly manifested in the following: in the understanding of the problems related to the state, we must adhere to the theoretical quality of Marxism with the times, and at the same time, it is necessary to continuously refine and enrich the content of the Marxist country theory from the practice. So as to better guide and advance the socialist political system reform, so as to better carry out and implement the strategic decision of the Party's governance of the country.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A82;D03
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