马克思的自然观及其当代意义新探
发布时间：2019-06-19 13:34
【摘要】：人与自然的关系问题是人类生存发展的根本问题。近年来,由于人类不合理地开发利用自然,造成了对自然的严重破坏和污染：资源枯竭、环境污染、水土流失等等现象,这些突发生态环境已经威胁到整个人类的生存,成为全球共同关注的焦点。日益恶化的生态环境使得人们必须重新反思人与自然的关系,审视人类的生存方式。马克思的自然观逐渐走进人们的视野,于是,重新翻阅和研究马克思的经典文本成为时代发展的迫切要求。推动马克思哲学发展创新很重要的方面就是坚持用马克思的立场、观点和方法去观察、分析和解决社会现实中存在的实际问题。这不仅是马克思哲学理论本身的内在要求,也是马克思哲学保持强大生命力的重要根源。 马克思之前自然观都是非历史性、非实践性地看待人与自然。马克思考察了西方自然观的历史演变,在批判和继承黑格尔与费尔巴哈自然观的基础上创立了新的自然观,完成了自然观上的哲学革命。马克思自然观不是对以往自然观的简单机械拼凑,也不是脱离实际的主观臆想,他从实践出发全面把握人、自然与历史的关系,从而具有新的内涵,主要体现在以下几个方面：自然观的实践特质、自然观的历史向度和自然观的价值诉求。马克思不仅在哲学理论层面而且深入到对现存社会制度的批判和社会变革的层面来理解人与自然关系,这使他的自然观具有鲜明的实践性、辩证性和批判性的本质特征。正是这些特征,使马克思的自然观超越以往自然观,更加具有理论和现实意义。在深入贯彻落实科学发展观的今天,马克思的自然观为有效解决全球生态危机指明方向,为我国社会主义现代化建设提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:The relationship between man and nature is the fundamental problem of human survival and development. In recent years, due to the unreasonable development and utilization of nature, human beings have caused serious damage and pollution to nature, such as resource depletion, environmental pollution, soil and water loss and so on. These sudden ecological environments have threatened the survival of the whole human beings and become the focus of global attention. The deteriorating ecological environment makes it necessary for people to rethink the relationship between man and nature and to examine the way of human existence. Marx's view of nature has gradually entered people's field of vision, so it has become an urgent requirement for the development of the times to re-read and study Marx's classical texts. It is very important to promote the development and innovation of Marxist philosophy to observe, analyze and solve the practical problems existing in social reality by using Marx's position, viewpoint and method. This is not only the inherent requirement of Marxist philosophy theory itself, but also the important root of Marxist philosophy to maintain strong vitality. Before Marx, the view of nature was non-historical and non-practical. Marx investigated the historical evolution of the western view of nature, founded a new view of nature on the basis of criticizing and inheriting Heger and Feuerbach's view of nature, and completed the philosophical revolution in the view of nature. Marx's view of nature is not a simple mechanical patchwork of the past view of nature, nor is it divorced from the actual subjective imagination. He comprehensively grasps the relationship between man, nature and history from practice, and thus has a new connotation, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: the practical characteristics of the view of nature, the historical dimension of the view of nature and the value demand of the view of nature. Marx understood the relationship between man and nature not only at the level of philosophical theory but also at the level of criticism and social reform of the existing social system, which made his view of nature have distinct essential characteristics of practicality, dialectics and criticism. It is these characteristics that make Marx's view of nature go beyond the previous view of nature and have more theoretical and practical significance. Today, with the deep implementation of the scientific concept of development, Marx's view of nature points out the direction for effectively solving the global ecological crisis and provides theoretical guidance for the socialist modernization construction of our country.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811
本文编号：2502379
[Abstract]:The relationship between man and nature is the fundamental problem of human survival and development. In recent years, due to the unreasonable development and utilization of nature, human beings have caused serious damage and pollution to nature, such as resource depletion, environmental pollution, soil and water loss and so on. These sudden ecological environments have threatened the survival of the whole human beings and become the focus of global attention. The deteriorating ecological environment makes it necessary for people to rethink the relationship between man and nature and to examine the way of human existence. Marx's view of nature has gradually entered people's field of vision, so it has become an urgent requirement for the development of the times to re-read and study Marx's classical texts. It is very important to promote the development and innovation of Marxist philosophy to observe, analyze and solve the practical problems existing in social reality by using Marx's position, viewpoint and method. This is not only the inherent requirement of Marxist philosophy theory itself, but also the important root of Marxist philosophy to maintain strong vitality. Before Marx, the view of nature was non-historical and non-practical. Marx investigated the historical evolution of the western view of nature, founded a new view of nature on the basis of criticizing and inheriting Heger and Feuerbach's view of nature, and completed the philosophical revolution in the view of nature. Marx's view of nature is not a simple mechanical patchwork of the past view of nature, nor is it divorced from the actual subjective imagination. He comprehensively grasps the relationship between man, nature and history from practice, and thus has a new connotation, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: the practical characteristics of the view of nature, the historical dimension of the view of nature and the value demand of the view of nature. Marx understood the relationship between man and nature not only at the level of philosophical theory but also at the level of criticism and social reform of the existing social system, which made his view of nature have distinct essential characteristics of practicality, dialectics and criticism. It is these characteristics that make Marx's view of nature go beyond the previous view of nature and have more theoretical and practical significance. Today, with the deep implementation of the scientific concept of development, Marx's view of nature points out the direction for effectively solving the global ecological crisis and provides theoretical guidance for the socialist modernization construction of our country.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811
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